World War I and Indian Nationalism- For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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• Gharadites came to India and made several attempts to instill the Indian Population to revolt. However, this was of no avail.
• The Ghadar movement was very secular in nature.
• Ghadar militants were distinguished by their secular, egalitarian, democratic and non-chauvinistic internationalist outlook.
• The major weakness of the Ghadar leaders was that they completely under-estimated the extent and amount of preparation at every level – organizational, ideological, strategic, tactical, financial – that was necessary before an attempt at an armed revolt could be organized.
• It also failed to generate an effective and sustained leadership that was capable of integrating the various aspects of the movement.
• Another weakness was its almost non-existent organizational structure.
• Some important leaders: Baba Gurmukh Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Rahmat Ali Shah, Bhai Parmanand and Mohammad Barkatullah.
• Inspired by the Ghadar Party, 700 soldiers at Singapore revolted under the leadership of Jamadar Chisti Khan and Subedar Dundey Khan. The rebellion was crushed.
• Other revolutionaries: Jatin Mukharjee, Rash Bihari Bose, Raja Mahendra Pratab, Lala Hardayal, Abdul Rahim, Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi, Champakaraman Pillai, Sardar Singh Rana and Madame Cama

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World War I was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as “the war to end all wars”, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. Over 16 million people died, including 9.7 million Europeans, and an additional 7.9 million were wounded. Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust, and the Holodomor), premeditated death from starvation, massacres, and disease. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, including in strategic bombing of population centers, the development of tanks, the use of chemical weapons, and the first use of submarines against merchant ships.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist on 28 June 1914, was the trigger for the war. Serbia’s allies, Russia and France, and Austria-Hungary’s ally, Germany, were drawn into the conflict. Within weeks, the major powers were at war and the conflict had expanded into a global war. The Central Powers—Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria—became known as the “Central Powers”, while the Entente Powers—Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and the United States—became known as the “Entente Powers”.

The war ended with the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The Allies and the Central Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The treaty required Germany to cede territory, pay reparations, and reduce its military. The war had a profound effect on the course of the 20th century. It led to the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires, and the creation of new countries, including Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland. It also led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany, and the outbreak of World War II in 1939.

India entered World War I on 14 August 1914, when the British Indian government declared war on Germany. The Indian National Congress (INC) and the Muslim League initially supported the war effort, but they became increasingly critical of British rule as the war dragged on. The war had a significant impact on India, both economically and politically. The war effort required a massive mobilization of Indian Resources, including men, material, and Money. This led to a significant increase in the Indian government’s debt, and to Inflation and shortages of essential goods. The war also led to a rise in Indian nationalism, as Indians began to demand greater political rights and self-government.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant. The INC was a non-violent, constitutional organization that sought to achieve self-government for India through peaceful means. The INC’s early leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The INC’s membership grew rapidly in the early 20th century, and it became the leading voice of Indian nationalism.

The Muslim League was founded in 1906 by Nawab Salimullah Khan of Dhaka. The Muslim League was a political organization that represented the interests of India’s Muslim minority. The Muslim League’s early leaders included Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Liaqat Ali Khan, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. The Muslim League’s membership grew rapidly in the early 20th century, and it became the leading voice of Indian Muslim nationalism.

India’s contribution to World War I was significant. The Indian Army provided more than 1.5 million soldiers to the Allied war effort. Indian soldiers fought in all major theaters of the war, including Gallipoli, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and France. Indian soldiers also played a key role in the construction of the Mesopotamian Railway, which was essential for the Allied war effort in the Middle East.

The war had a profound impact on India, both economically and politically. The war effort required a massive mobilization of Indian resources, including men, material, and money. This led to a significant increase in the Indian government’s debt, and to inflation and shortages of essential goods. The war also led to a rise in Indian nationalism, as Indians began to demand greater political rights and self-government.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a massacre of unarmed Indian civilians by British Indian Army soldiers in the Jallianwala Bagh garden in Amritsar, Punjab, on 13 April 1919. The massacre was ordered by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about World War I and Indian Nationalism:

1. What was the impact of World War I on India?

World War I had a profound impact on India. The war led to the rise of Indian nationalism, as Indians began to demand greater political rights and self-rule. The war also led to the Growth of the Indian independence movement, as Indians began to see that they could achieve independence from British rule.

1. What were the main causes of World War I?

The main causes of World War I were the Rise of Nationalism in Europe, the system of alliances between European powers, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.

1. What was the role of India in World War I?

India played a significant role in World War I. Indian soldiers fought on the front lines in Europe and the Middle East, and Indian factories produced war materials for the Allied powers. The war also led to the growth of the Indian independence movement, as Indians began to demand greater political rights and self-rule.

1. Who were the main leaders of the Indian independence movement?

The main leaders of the Indian independence movement were Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Gandhi was a lawyer and activist who led the nonviolent Indian independence movement. Nehru was a politician and statesman who became the first prime minister of India. Tilak was a scholar and activist who was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress.

1. What were the main achievements of the Indian independence movement?

The main achievements of the Indian independence movement were the end of British rule in India and the establishment of the Republic of India in 1947. The Indian independence movement was a long and difficult struggle, but it ultimately led to the creation of a free and independent India.

1. What were the main challenges faced by the Indian independence movement?

The main challenges faced by the Indian independence movement were the British government’s opposition to Indian independence, the lack of unity among Indian leaders, and the religious and ethnic divisions in India. Despite these challenges, the Indian independence movement ultimately succeeded in achieving its goal of independence for India.

1. What is the legacy of the Indian independence movement?

The legacy of the Indian independence movement is a strong and independent India. The Indian independence movement was a long and difficult struggle, but it ultimately led to the creation of a free and independent India. The Indian independence movement is also a source of inspiration for other independence movements around the world.

Question 1

Which of the following was not a reason for the Indian National Congress to support the British war effort in World War I?

(A) The Congress believed that the British would grant India independence after the war.
(B) The Congress believed that it was their duty to support the British Empire in its time of need.
(C) The Congress believed that the war would be a short one and that India would not suffer any significant losses.
(D) The Congress believed that the war would weaken the British Empire and make it easier for India to achieve independence.

Answer

The correct answer is (D). The Indian National Congress supported the British war effort in World War I for a number of reasons, including their belief that the British would grant India independence after the war, their belief that it was their duty to support the British Empire in its time of need, and their belief that the war would be a short one and that India would not suffer any significant losses. However, the Congress did not believe that the war would weaken the British Empire and make it easier for India to achieve independence. In fact, the Congress feared that the war would strengthen the British Empire and make it more difficult for India to achieve independence.

Question 2

Which of the following was not a result of the Indian National Congress’s support for the British war effort in World War I?

(A) The Congress gained a great deal of support from the Indian people.
(B) The Congress was able to raise a large number of troops for the British army.
(C) The Congress was able to secure a number of concessions from the British government.
(D) The Congress was able to achieve independence for India.

Answer

The correct answer is (D). The Indian National Congress gained a great deal of support from the Indian people, was able to raise a large number of troops for the British army, and was able to secure a number of concessions from the British government. However, the Congress was not able to achieve independence for India as a result of its support for the British war effort in World War I.

Question 3

Which of the following was the most significant impact of World War I on Indian nationalism?

(A) The war led to the rise of Mahatma Gandhi as a leader of the Indian independence movement.
(B) The war led to the split between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League.
(C) The war led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
(D) The war led to the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.

Answer

The correct answer is (A). The war led to the rise of Mahatma Gandhi as a leader of the Indian independence movement. Gandhi was a lawyer who had been living in South Africa for many years when World War I broke out. He returned to India in 1915 and soon became involved in the independence movement. Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent resistance, or satyagraha, was very successful in mobilizing the Indian people against British rule.

Question 4

Which of the following was the most significant impact of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms on Indian nationalism?

(A) The reforms gave Indians a greater say in their own government.
(B) The reforms led to the creation of a separate Muslim state in India.
(C) The reforms led to the outbreak of the Indian independence movement.
(D) The reforms led to the partition of India.

Answer

The correct answer is (A). The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, which were introduced in 1919, gave Indians a greater say in their own government. The reforms created a system of dyarchy, in which some powers were devolved to Indian ministers while others remained with the British government. The reforms also created a legislative council in which Indians had a majority of seats. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were a significant step forward in the development of Indian self-government.

Question 5

Which of the following was the most significant impact of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on Indian nationalism?

(A) The massacre led to the rise of Mahatma Gandhi as a leader of the Indian independence movement.
(B) The massacre led to the split between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League.
(C) The massacre led to the outbreak of the Indian independence movement.
(D) The massacre led to the partition of India.

Answer

The correct answer is (C). The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which took place in Amritsar in 1919, was a turning point in the Indian independence movement. In the massacre, British troops fired on a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians, killing hundreds of people. The