<–2/”>a >World War I and Indian Nationalism
- Increasing number of Indians from Punjab were emigrating to North America.
- The British government thought that these emigrants would be affected by the idea of Liberty. Hence, they tried to restrict emigration.
- Tarak Nath Das, an Indian student in Canada, started a paper called Free Hindustan.
- The Hindi Association was setup in Portland in May 1913.
- Under the Leadership of Lala Har Dayal, a weekly paper, The Ghadar was started and a headquarters called Yugantar Ashram was set up in San Fransisco.
- On November 1, 1913, the first issue of Ghadar was published in Urdu and on December 9, the Gurumukhi edition.
- In 1914, three events influenced the course of the Ghadar movement:
- The arrest and escape of Har Dayal
- The Komagata Maru incident
- Outbreak of the first world war
- Gharadites came to India and made several attempts to instill the Indian Population to revolt. However, this was of no avail.
- The Ghadar movement was very secular in nature.
- Ghadar militants were distinguished by their secular, egalitarian, democratic and non-chauvinistic internationalist outlook.
- The major weakness of the Ghadar leaders was that they completely under-estimated the extent and amount of preparation at every level – organizational, ideological, strategic, tactical, financial – that was necessary before an attempt at an armed revolt could be organized.
- It also failed to generate an effective and sustained leadership that was capable of integrating the various aspects of the movement.
- Another weakness was its almost non-existent organizational structure.
- Some important leaders: Baba Gurmukh Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Rahmat Ali Shah, Bhai Parmanand and Mohammad Barkatullah.
- Inspired by the Ghadar Party, 700 soldiers at Singapore revolted under the leadership of Jamadar Chisti Khan and Subedar Dundey Khan. The rebellion was crushed.
- Other revolutionaries: Jatin Mukharjee, Rash Bihari Bose, Raja Mahendra Pratab, Lala Hardayal, Abdul Rahim, Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi, Champakaraman Pillai, Sardar Singh Rana and Madame Cama
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World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as “the war to end all wars”, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. Over 16 million people died, including 9.7 million Europeans, and an additional 7.9 million were wounded. Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Armenian Genocide, the Holocaust, and the Holodomor), premeditated death from starvation, massacres, and disease. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, including in strategic bombing of population centers, the development of tanks, the use of chemical weapons, and the first use of submarines against merchant ships.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist on 28 June 1914, was the trigger that set off a chain of events leading to the outbreak of war. Austria-Hungary blamed the Serbian government for the assassination and delivered an ultimatum to Serbia on 23 July. Serbia accepted most of the terms of the ultimatum, but Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on 28 July. Russia, as Serbia’s ally, mobilized its army, and Germany, as Austria-Hungary’s ally, declared war on Russia and France on 1 August. The United Kingdom declared war on Germany on 4 August after Germany invaded Belgium, a neutral country.
The war quickly spread to other parts of the world. Japan, as Britain’s ally, declared war on Germany on 23 August. The Ottoman Empire, as Germany’s ally, declared war on Russia and France on 29 October. Italy, which had been allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary since 1882, entered the war on the side of the Allies on 24 May 1915. The United States entered the war on the side of the Allies on 6 April 1917.
The war ended with the signing of the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The Allies and the Central Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919, officially ending the war.
The Gadar movement was an Indian independence movement that was active from 1913 to 1915. The movement was led by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada, and its goal was to overthrow British rule in India. The Gadar movement was named after the Ghadar, a ship that carried Indian revolutionaries from the United States to India in 1914.
The Gadar movement was inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1917, and its leaders believed that the time was ripe for an armed uprising against British rule in India. The movement was also influenced by the writings of Indian nationalist leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai.
The Gadar movement was launched on 1 November 1914, when the Ghadar docked at the port of Budge Budge in British India. The revolutionaries on board the ship were arrested by the British, but the movement continued to gain momentum in the United States and Canada.
In 1915, the Gadar movement launched an armed uprising in India. The uprising was unsuccessful, and many of the revolutionaries were arrested or killed. However, the Gadar movement played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. It raised awareness of the Indian independence movement in the United States and Canada, and it helped to inspire the Indian National Congress to adopt a more radical approach to the struggle for independence.
The Gadar movement had a significant impact on the course of Indian history. It helped to raise awareness of the Indian independence movement in the United States and Canada, and it helped to inspire the Indian National Congress to adopt a more radical approach to the struggle for independence. The Gadar movement also played a role in the development of Indian nationalism, and it helped to lay the foundation for the Indian independence movement that ultimately led to the end of British rule in India.
What is the Gadar movement?
The Gadar movement was an Indian independence movement that sought to overthrow British rule in India. It was launched in 1913 by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada. The movement was named after the Urdu word for “rebellion.”
What were the goals of the Gadar movement?
The goals of the Gadar movement were to overthrow British rule in India and establish an independent Indian republic. The movement also sought to improve the lives of Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada.
Who were the leaders of the Gadar movement?
The leaders of the Gadar movement included Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, and Vishnu Ganesh Pingle. These men were all Indian immigrants who lived in the United States and Canada.
What were the tactics of the Gadar movement?
The Gadar movement used a variety of tactics to achieve its goals. These tactics included propaganda, organizing, and Armed Rebellion. The movement also published a newspaper called Ghadar, which was distributed in India and among Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada.
What was the impact of the Gadar movement?
The Gadar movement had a significant impact on the Indian independence movement. The movement helped to raise awareness of the Indian independence movement among Indians and the international community. The movement also inspired other Indian independence movements, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Quit India Movement.
What were the challenges faced by the Gadar movement?
The Gadar movement faced a number of challenges. These challenges included the lack of support from the Indian National Congress, the lack of weapons and ammunition, and the lack of unity among the leaders of the movement.
What was the legacy of the Gadar movement?
The Gadar movement is remembered as an important chapter in the history of the Indian independence movement. The movement helped to raise awareness of the Indian independence movement among Indians and the international community. The movement also inspired other Indian independence movements, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Quit India Movement.
Question 1
The Gadar movement was a revolutionary movement against British rule in India. It was launched in 1914 by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada. The movement was inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ideals of Socialism and Communism.
The Gadar movement was led by Lala Hardayal, a Punjabi revolutionary who had studied in Germany. The movement’s goal was to overthrow British rule in India and establish an independent republic.
The Gadar movement was active in India and abroad. In India, the movement’s members carried out acts of sabotage and violence against British targets. The movement also published newspapers and pamphlets that spread its message of revolution.
The Gadar movement was suppressed by the British government. Many of its leaders were arrested and imprisoned. The movement’s activities declined after World War I, but it had a significant impact on the Indian independence movement.
Which of the following is not true about the Gadar movement?
(A) It was a revolutionary movement against British rule in India.
(B) It was launched in 1914 by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada.
(C) It was inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1917.
(D) It was led by Lala Hardayal.
(E) It was successful in overthrowing British rule in India.
Answer
The correct answer is (E). The Gadar movement was not successful in overthrowing British rule in India.
Question 2
World War I was a global war that lasted from 1914 to 1918. The war involved more than 70 million people from more than 30 countries. The main causes of the war were militarism, nationalism, and imperialism.
The war had a profound impact on the world. It led to the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires. It also led to the creation of the League of Nations, which was an attempt to prevent future wars.
The war also had a significant impact on India. The war effort required India to provide food, raw materials, and soldiers. This led to a great deal of hardship for the Indian people. The war also led to the rise of Indian nationalism.
Which of the following is not true about World War I?
(A) It was a global war that lasted from 1914 to 1918.
(B) It involved more than 70 million people from more than 30 countries.
(C) The main causes of the war were militarism, nationalism, and imperialism.
(D) The war led to the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires.
(E) The war led to the creation of the United Nations.
Answer
The correct answer is (E). The United Nations was created after World War II, not World War I.
Question 3
The following are some of the effects of World War I:
- The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
- The creation of the League of Nations
- The rise of Indian nationalism
- The spread of communism
- The development of new technologies, such as tanks and airplanes
Which of the following is not an effect of World War I?
(A) The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
(B) The creation of the League of Nations
(C) The rise of Indian nationalism
(D) The spread of Democracy
(E) The development of new technologies
Answer
The correct answer is (D). The spread of democracy was not an effect of World War I. In fact, the war led to the rise of dictatorships in many countries.
Question 4
The following are some of the causes of World War I:
- Militarism: The major European powers were engaged in an arms race, building up their militaries in preparation for war.
- Nationalism: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe led to increased tensions between countries.
- Imperialism: The European powers were competing for colonies and Resources in Africa and Asia.
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was the trigger that set off the war.
Which of the following is not a cause of World War I?
(A) Militarism
(B) Nationalism
(C) Imperialism
(D) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(E) The rise of communism
Answer
The correct answer is (E). The rise of communism was not a cause of World War I. In fact, the war led to the decline of communism in Europe.