Working Principle And Use Of Generator

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Generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works based on principle of faraday law of electromagnetic induction. The faradays law states that whenever a conductor is placed in a varying Magnetic Field, EMF is induced and this induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages. This EMF can be generated when there is either relative space or relative time variation between the conductor and magnetic field.

Working of Generators

Generators are basically coils of electric Conductors, normally copper wire, that are tightly wound onto a Metal core and are mounted to turn around inside an exhibit of large magnets. An electric conductor moves through a magnetic field, the Magnetism will interface with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electrical current inside it.

The conductor coil and its core are called the armature, connecting the armature to the shaft of a mechanical power source, for example an motor, the copper conductor can turn at exceptionally increased speed over the magnetic field.

The point when the generator armature first starts to turn, then there is a weak magnetic field in the iron pole shoes. As the armature turns, it starts to raise voltage. Some of this voltage is making on the field windings through the generator regulator. This impressed voltage builds up stronger winding current, raises the strength of the magnetic field. The expanded field produces more voltage in the armature. This, in turn, make more current in the field windings, with a resultant higher armature voltage. At this time the signs of the shoes depended on the direction of flow of current in the field winding. The opposite signs will give current to flow in wrong direction.

Types of Generators:

  • AC generators
  • DC generators

 

AC Generators

These are also called as alternators. It is the most important means of producing electrical power in many of the places since now days all the consumers are using AC. It works based on principle of the electromagnetic induction. These are of two types one is induction generator and other one is synchronous generator. The induction generator requires no separate DC excitation, regulator controls, frequency control or governor. This concept takes place when conductor coils turn in a magnetic field actuating a current and a voltage. The generators should run at a consistent speed to convey a stable AC voltage, even no load is accessible.

Synchronous generators are large size generators mainly used in power Plants. These may be rotating field type or rotating armature type. In rotating armature type, armature is at rotor and field is at stator. Rotor armature current is taken through slip rings and brushes. These are limited due to high wind losses. These are used for low power output applications. Rotating field type of alternator is widely used because of high power generation capability and absence of slip rings and brushes.

It can be either 3 phase or two phase generators. A two-phase alternator produces two completely separate voltages. Each voltage may be considered as a single-phase voltage. Each is generated voltage completely independent of the other. The three-phase alternator has three single-phase windings spaced such that the voltage induced in any one phase is displaced by 120º from the other two. These can be connected either delta or wye connections. In Delta Connection each coil end is connected together to form a closed loop. A Delta Connection appears like the Greek Letter Delta (Δ). In Wye Connection one end of each coil connected together and the other end of each coil left open for external connections. A Wye Connection appears as the letter Y.

Advantages of AC Generator

  • These Generators are generally maintenance free, because of absence of brushes.
  • Easily step up and step down through transformers.
  • Transmission link size might be thinner because of step up feature
  • Size of the generator relatively smaller than DC machine
  • Losses are relatively less than DC machine
  • These Generator breakers are relatively smaller than DC breakers

DC Generators

DC generator is typically found in off-grid applications. These generators give a seamless power supply directly into electric storage devices and DC power grids without novel equipment. The stored power is carries to loads through dc-ac converters. The DC generators could be controlled back to an unmoving speed as batteries tend to be stimulating to recover considerably more fuel.

Permanent magnet DC generators do not require external field excitation because it has permanent magnets to produce the flux. These are used for low power applications like dynamos. Separately-excite DC generators requires external field excitation to produce the magnetic flux. We can also vary the excitation to get variable output power. These are used in electro plating and electro refining applications. Due to residual magnetism present in the poles of the stator self-excited DC generators can able to produce their own magnetic field ones it is started. These are simple in design and no need to have the external circuit to vary the field excitation. Again these self-excited DC generators are classified into shunt, series, and compound generators.

Advantages of DC Generator

  • Mainly DC machines have the wide variety of operating characteristics which can be obtained by selection of the method of excitation of the field windings.
  • The output voltage can be smoothed by regularly arranging the coils around the armature .This leads to less fluctations which is desirable for some steady state applications.
  • No shielding need for radiation  so cable cost will be less as compared to AC.

 

 



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A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It does this by using a magnetic field to induce an electric current in a conductor. The magnetic field is created by a rotating coil of wire, which is called the armature. The armature is surrounded by a stator, which is a stationary coil of wire. When the armature rotates, it cuts through the magnetic field lines of the stator, which induces an electric current in the stator. The current is then collected by brushes and slip rings, and is sent out to the load.

There are two main types of generators: AC generators and DC generators. AC generators produce alternating current, which is the type of current that is used in most homes and businesses. DC generators produce direct current, which is the type of current that is used in batteries and some electronic devices.

Generators are used in a variety of applications, including:

  • Power generation: Generators are used to generate electricity, which is then used to power homes, businesses, and other facilities.
  • Transportation: Generators are used to power vehicles, such as trains, ships, and airplanes.
  • Industrial applications: Generators are used in a variety of industrial applications, such as manufacturing, mining, and construction.
  • Emergency power: Generators are used to provide emergency power during power outages.
  • Off-grid power: Generators are used to provide power in areas that are not connected to the electrical grid.

The working principle of a generator is based on Faraday’s law of induction. This law states that an electric current is induced in a conductor when it is placed in a changing magnetic field. In a generator, the magnetic field is created by a rotating coil of wire, which is called the armature. The armature is surrounded by a stator, which is a stationary coil of wire. When the armature rotates, it cuts through the magnetic field lines of the stator, which induces an electric current in the stator. The current is then collected by brushes and slip rings, and is sent out to the load.

The type of generator that is used depends on the application. AC generators are used in most homes and businesses because they are more efficient than DC generators. DC generators are used in some applications, such as battery charging, where it is important to have a constant voltage.

Generators are an important part of our modern world. They provide us with the electricity that we need to power our homes, businesses, and industries. They also provide us with emergency power during power outages. Generators are a reliable and efficient way to generate electricity.

Here are some additional details about generators:

  • Generators come in a variety of sizes, from small portable generators to large industrial generators.
  • Generators can be powered by a variety of sources, including gasoline, diesel, natural gas, and propane.
  • Generators can be used to power a variety of loads, including lights, appliances, and tools.
  • Generators can be used for a variety of purposes, including home backup power, emergency power, and construction power.
  • Generators are a safe and reliable way to generate electricity.

If you are considering purchasing a generator, there are a few things that you should keep in mind. First, you need to decide what size generator you need. The size of the generator that you need will depend on the amount of power that you need to generate. Second, you need to decide what type of generator you need. There are two main types of generators: AC generators and DC generators. AC generators are the most common type of generator. DC generators are less common, but they are used in some applications where it is important to have a constant voltage. Third, you need to decide what type of fuel you want to use. Generators can be powered by a variety of fuels, including gasoline, diesel, natural gas, and propane. Fourth, you need to decide what features you want in a generator. Some generators have features such as automatic start, remote start, and parallel capability. Fifth, you need to decide how much you are willing to spend on a generator. Generators can range in price from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars.

Once you have considered these factors, you can start shopping for a generator. There are many different brands and models of generators available, so it is important to compare prices and features before making a purchase.

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It does this by using a magnetic field to induce an electric current in a conductor. The magnetic field is created by a rotating coil of wire, which is called the armature. The armature is surrounded by a stator, which is a stationary coil of wire. When the armature rotates, it cuts through the magnetic field lines of the stator, which induces an electric current in the stator. The current can then be used to power devices.

Generators are used in a variety of applications, including:

  • Power generation: Generators are used to generate electricity in power plants.
  • Transportation: Generators are used to power engines in vehicles, such as cars, trucks, and airplanes.
  • Manufacturing: Generators are used to power machines in factories.
  • Construction: Generators are used to power tools and equipment on construction sites.
  • Medical: Generators are used to power medical equipment in hospitals.
  • Military: Generators are used to power equipment in the military.

Generators are an essential part of our modern world. They provide us with the electricity we need to power our homes, businesses, and industries.

Here are some frequently asked questions about generators:

  • How does a generator work? A generator works by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. This is done by using a magnetic field to induce an electric current in a conductor. The magnetic field is created by a rotating coil of wire, which is called the armature. The armature is surrounded by a stator, which is a stationary coil of wire. When the armature rotates, it cuts through the magnetic field lines of the stator, which induces an electric current in the stator. The current can then be used to power devices.
  • What are the different types of generators? There are two main types of generators: AC generators and DC generators. AC generators produce alternating current, while DC generators produce direct current. AC generators are more common than DC generators.
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of generators? The advantages of generators include:
    • They can be used to generate electricity in remote areas where there is no access to the power grid.
    • They can be used to provide backup power during outages.
    • They can be used to power equipment that requires a lot of power, such as air conditioners and welders.
      The disadvantages of generators include:
    • They can be noisy.
    • They can be expensive to purchase and maintain.
    • They can produce pollution.
  • How do I choose the right generator for my needs? When choosing a generator, you need to consider the following factors:
    • The amount of power you need.
    • The type of power you need (AC or DC).
    • The fuel type you want to use (gasoline, diesel, or propane).
    • The noise level you can tolerate.
    • Your budget.
  • How do I install a generator? Installing a generator can be a complex process, so it is important to consult with a qualified electrician. However, the basic steps involved in installing a generator include:
    1. Choose a location for the generator that is level and well-ventilated.
    2. Connect the generator to the power grid.
    3. Connect the generator to the fuel supply.
    4. Ground the generator.
    5. Install a transfer switch.
    6. test the generator to make sure it is working properly.
  • How do I maintain a generator? To maintain a generator, you should:
    • Change the oil regularly.
    • Check the spark plugs and air filter.
    • Clean the generator regularly.
    • Store the generator in a dry place.
  • What are the safety precautions I should take when using a generator? When using a generator, you should:
    • Never operate a generator in an enclosed space.
    • Never use a generator near flammable materials.
    • Always wear safety glasses when operating a generator.
    • Keep children and pets away from the generator.
    • Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
  1. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  2. The working principle of a generator is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
  3. When a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, an electric current is induced in the conductor.
  4. The magnitude of the induced current depends on the strength of the magnetic field, the speed at which the conductor is moved through the field, and the length of the conductor in the field.
  5. Generators are used to generate electricity for a variety of purposes, including powering homes, businesses, and industries.

Here are some MCQs about generators:

  1. What is a generator?
    (A) A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
    (B) A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
    (C) A device that converts heat energy into electrical energy.
    (D) A device that converts Light energy into electrical energy.

  2. What is the working principle of a generator?
    (A) The principle of electromagnetic induction.
    (B) The principle of conservation of energy.
    (C) The principle of inertia.
    (D) The principle of Thermodynamics.

  3. When a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, what happens?
    (A) An electric current is induced in the conductor.
    (B) The conductor becomes magnetized.
    (C) The conductor is heated.
    (D) The conductor is cooled.

  4. The magnitude of the induced current in a conductor depends on what factors?
    (A) The strength of the magnetic field, the speed at which the conductor is moved through the field, and the length of the conductor in the field.
    (B) The voltage of the power source, the resistance of the conductor, and the current flowing through the conductor.
    (C) The frequency of the power source, the capacitance of the conductor, and the inductance of the conductor.
    (D) The temperature of the conductor, the pressure of the air, and the humidity of the Environment.

  5. Generators are used for what purposes?
    (A) To generate electricity for a variety of purposes, including powering homes, businesses, and industries.
    (B) To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
    (C) To convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
    (D) To convert heat energy into electrical energy.