West Bengal human development index

West Bengal Human Development index

India’s sixth largest economy is West Bengal which recorded a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of US$ 132.86 billion in 2014-15. Further, it’s the 2ndmost densely populated state within the country, and is home to one of the most important domestic consumer markets. West Bengal GSDP expanded at a compound annual Growth rate (CAGR) of 11.06 per cent from 2004-05 to the year 2014-15. agriculture is that the chief occupation within the state and contributed 18.8 per cent to the GSDP in 2014-15. Its location advantage makes the state a conventional marketplace for eastern India, the Northeast, Nepal and Bhutan. it’s additionally a strategic entry purpose for markets in Southeast Asia. the value of operational a business is lower in Kolkata than in other metropolitan cities. Throughout FY 2000-15, the state attracted total Investment/”>Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of US$ 2.9 billion. The common annual NSDP rate from 2004-05 to 2014-15 was about 11.05 per cent. The state’s per capita GSDP in 2014-15 was US$ 1,450.0 as compared to US$ 555 in 2004-05. The per capita GSDP increased at a compound annual rate (CAGR) of 10.08 per cent between 2004-05 and 2014-15. In 2014-15, the Tertiary Sector contributed 60.2 per cent to the state’s GSDP at issue value, followed by the Primary Sector (24.9 per cent) and Secondary Sector (14.9 per cent).

West Bengal is that the only state in India to own been dominated endlessly for quite a quarter of a century by a Left Front government, that has been driven by a vision of political, economic and social modification that has been completely different from that ascertained among most alternative state governments or the central government. This vision has determined attention on 2 specific however inter-related methods at the state level: reform, as well as each greater security of tenure to tenant cultivators and distribution of unconditional land; and spread and people’s participation through panchayat establishments.

With a Population of concerning 82 million in 2001, West Bengal is that the fourth most thickly settled state, with the best population density of 904 persons per sq. km (nearly three times the national Average). Larger population pressure inevitably puts additional pressure on basic Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE likewise as on the availability of Health and Education Services. The extraordinarily high population density clearly affects per capita resource allocation; therefore no matter West Bengal has achieved has been in spite of this important negative issue of getting the best population density within the entire nation. The variation across districts during this regard additionally has to be borne in mind when considering inter-district differences in human development indicators.

Both material and human development in West Bengal have sturdy regional dimensions. The central importance of Kolkata means levels of human development tend to be highest within the bigger Kolkata region, and deteriorate in concentric circles in line with distance from this region.

Given this, there are some regions that need explicit attention from the perspective of human development. There are unit 3 specific sub-regions in West Bengal that face specific issues of development and constraints on up the conditions of well-being, thanks to historical reasons, or distance and location concerns, or social composition. Therefore, they have a tendency to be additional backward in terms of Infrastructure Development and also human development indicators. The Paschimanchal region within the west of the state spans the all the blocks of Birbhum and Purulia, and a few blocks of Bankura, Medinipur and Bardhaman. These blocks are comparatively isolated, with poor transport infrastructure, and thus tend to be backward. In North Bengal, the Uttar Banga and DGHC blocks span the 2 major watersheds of the Tista and also the Mahananda. The mountainous blocks of the DGHC region, the terai and also the Duars share some characteristics, though Koch Behar is additional just like the 2 Dinajpur districts. During this region, the presence of Siliguri in Darjeeling district creates a additional developed centre, however the economic and developmental linkages to close areas are still weak.

Within North Bengal, 3 sub-regions may be known with completely different characteristics: (i) Malda and Dinajpur

(ii) Darjeeling, Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri and

(iii) The “chicken neck” of North Dinajpur.

These areas aren’t solely geo-ecologically distinct, however additionally were till recently separated with very little interaction in terms of transport or trade, particularly when the Partition of India broke pre-existing links. The region as a full includes a lot of higher rate of immigration than alternative components of West Bengal. The benefits area unit that migrants bring in new skills and additionally tend to be higher educated, in order that they use native instructional and alternative Resources higher. However this additionally raises queries, as an example the matter of the native disadvantaged teams, like the SCs/STs within the space.

West Bengal highlights 3 important relationships that have crucial implications for human development anyplace. The primary is that the inherent problem of an autonomous development flight inside a constituent province of a rustic, even with a federal system of state, and also the role of broader economics processes in decisive outcomes even inside the state. The second is that the importance of mobilising resources for public intervention, and also the attainable limitations upon the advance of human development obligatory by commercial enterprise constraints. The third is that the crucial two-way relationship between institutional modification and economic processes, likewise because the importance of continuing mobilisation and involvement of normal individuals within the infrastructure and delivery mechanisms necessary for improving conditions of human development.

West Bengal has been successful in bringing down each birth rates and death rates, with one in every of the foremost speedy declines in birth rate in India. Expectancy within the State is well on top of the national average. The sex ratio in West Bengal has shown improvement in recent times, so it’s currently simply on top of the national average, whereas the 0-6 years sex quantitative relation is far beyond the all-India average. West Bengal includes a far better record of guaranteeing the lives of girl infants than India as a full.

The state Human Development Report (HDR) brings out a mixed image of the present state of human development in state, with some vital successes and additionally some areas of inadequate action, additionally as bound rising issues.

The state HDR analyses 2 major public initiatives that have characterized the State for the last 26 years, i.e. Land reforms and Decentralization and has examined their effects on human development. Further, it makes an attempt to grasp the explanations on why the positive effects of those initiatives haven’t been a lot of pronounced on human development attainments.

In addition to the “traditional” problems lined in an exceedingly human development report like health, education and livelihoods, and also the chapters ashore reforms and decentralization, the West Bengal HDR analyses problems like human security, material conditions, Environment and issues of special regions inside the State.,

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country’s HDI value is a summary measure of its achievements in key areas of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. The HDI is used to rank countries and track their progress over time.

The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and first published in 1990. The HDI is based on three indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and expected years of schooling. Life expectancy at birth is a measure of the average number of years that a newborn is expected to live. Mean years of schooling is the average number of years of schooling that a person has completed. Expected years of schooling is the average number of years of schooling that a child is expected to complete.

The HDI is calculated by taking the geometric mean of the three indicators. The HDI is a continuous variable, ranging from 0 to 1. A country with an HDI of 0 has the lowest level of human development, while a country with an HDI of 1 has the highest level of human development.

The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring human development. It is a simple and easy-to-understand measure that can be used to compare countries and track their progress over time. The HDI is also a useful tool for policymakers, as it can help them to identify areas where they need to focus their efforts to improve human development.

In 2020, West Bengal’s HDI value was 0.644, ranking it 131st out of 189 countries. West Bengal’s HDI value has increased steadily since 1990, when it was 0.474. This increase is due to improvements in life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

West Bengal’s life expectancy at birth is 72.8 years, which is higher than the national average of 70.3 years. West Bengal’s mean years of schooling are 10.3 years, which is also higher than the national average of 9.3 years. West Bengal’s expected years of schooling are 12.4 years, which is higher than the national average of 11.2 years.

West Bengal’s per capita income is $2,273, which is lower than the national average of $2,597. However, West Bengal’s per capita income has been increasing steadily since 1990, when it was $1,116.

West Bengal’s HDI value is higher than the values of many other countries in South Asia. However, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed in order to improve human development in West Bengal. These challenges include POVERTY, inequality, and lack of access to education and healthcare.

The government of West Bengal is working to address these challenges. The government has implemented a number of programs to improve education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The government is also working to reduce poverty and inequality.

The government’s efforts are having a positive impact on human development in West Bengal. However, there is still much work to be done. The government needs to continue to invest in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The government also needs to continue to work to reduce poverty and inequality.

In West Bengal, the HDI value has increased steadily since 1990. This increase is due to improvements in life expectancy, education, and per capita income. However, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed in order to improve human development in West Bengal. These challenges include poverty, inequality, and lack of access to education and healthcare.

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

What are the components of the HDI?

The HDI is calculated using three indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and expected years of schooling, and per capita income.

How is the HDI calculated?

The HDI is calculated as a geometric mean of the normalized indices of life expectancy, education, and per capita income. The indices are normalized so that the maximum value for each indicator is 1 and the minimum value is 0.

What is the HDI range?

The HDI range is from 0 to 1. A country with an HDI of 0 has the lowest level of human development, while a country with an HDI of 1 has the highest level of human development.

What are the limitations of the HDI?

The HDI has been criticized for a number of limitations, including the following:

It does not take into account inequality within countries.
It does not take into account non-economic factors such as political freedom and environmental sustainability.
It is based on a limited number of indicators.

What are some alternative measures of human development?

Some alternative measures of human development include the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), the Gender Development Index (GDI), and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).

What is the future of the HDI?

The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring human development, but it is important to be aware of its limitations. The HDI is likely to continue to be used as a measure of human development, but it is likely to be supplemented by other measures that take into account additional factors.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and is used to measure a country’s progress on human development.
The HDI is calculated using the following formula:
HDI = (Life expectancy at birth x Education index x Income index) / 100
The life expectancy index is calculated using the following formula:
Life expectancy index = (Life expectancy at birth in years) / (Maximum life expectancy in years)
The education index is calculated using the following formula:
Education index = (Mean years of schooling x Expected years of schooling) / 2
The income index is calculated using the following formula:
Income index = (Logarithm of per capita income in US dollars) / (Logarithm of maximum per capita income in US dollars)
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring human development and for tracking progress over time.
The HDI has been criticized for being too simplistic and for not taking into account other important factors, such as inequality and Equality/”>Gender Equality.
Despite its limitations, the HDI remains a widely used and respected measure of human development.

Here are some MCQs on the Human Development Index:

Which of the following is not a component of the Human Development Index?
(A) Life expectancy at birth
(B) Education index
(C) Income index
(D) Gender equality
The Human Development Index is calculated using the following formula:
(A) HDI = (Life expectancy at birth x Education index x Income index) / 100
(B) HDI = (Life expectancy at birth x Education index x Gender equality index) / 100
(C) HDI = (Life expectancy at birth x Income index x Gender equality index) / 100
(D) HDI = (Life expectancy at birth x Education index x Income index x Gender equality index) / 100
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring which of the following?
(A) Human development
(B) Economic Development
(C) Social development
(D) All of the above
The HDI has been criticized for being too simplistic. Which of the following is an example of a criticism of the HDI?
(A) The HDI does not take into account inequality.
(B) The HDI does not take into account gender equality.
(C) The HDI does not take into account other important factors, such as environmental sustainability.
(D) All of the above
Despite its limitations, the HDI remains a widely used and respected measure of human development. Which of the following is a reason why the HDI is still widely used?
(A) The HDI is easy to understand and use.
(B) The HDI is available for a large number of countries.
(C) The HDI is updated regularly.
(D) All of the above