Union and State Executive

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<<–2/”>a >h2>Governor

  • Same person can be appointed the governor of two or more states
  • Appointed by the President
  • May resign by writing to the President
  • Qualification
    • Citizen of India
    • 35 years of age
  • Art 161: Pardon for any offence against a law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the state extends
  • Constitution does not state the procedure or the grounds for the removal of the Governor

Council of Ministers

  • The advice tendered by the CoM cannot be enquired in a court
  • Number of ministers in the CoM (including the PM) cannot exceed 15 pc of the total number of members of LS (91st amendment, 2003)
  • If a person is disqualified under the 10th schedule (defection), he cannot become a minister
  • Art 75(3): Collective Responsibility

Attorney General

  • ARTICLE 76
  • Should be qualified to be appointed as a judge of the SC
  • Right of audience in all courts in the territory of India
  • Has the right to take part in the proceedings of either houses, without the right to vote.

Parliament

  • Consists of the President, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
  • Six months should not intervene between consecutive sessions
  • The president shall address a joint sitting of both the houses at the first session of every year and at the first session after the general Elections
  • The Chairman and Speaker can vote only in case of Equality of votes
  • Quorum: One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
  • MPs resign by addressing their resignation to the Speaker of the Chairman
  • If a member is continuously absent for 60 days without permission for all the meetings of the House, his seat is declared vacant
  • Article 102: grounds for disqualification.
    • 5 grounds
  • Decision on questions as to disqualification of members shall be referred to the President and his decision shall be final. The President, in giving his decision, shall act in accordance with the advice of the Election Commission
  • Joint sitting: If passed by one house and rejected by the other, disagreement between houses on the amendments to the bill, more than six months has passed and the other house has not passed the bill
  • Joint sitting does not apply to Money Bills

Council of States

  • Elected members: 238 from state and union territories
    • Allocation of seats given in the 4th schedule
  • Nominated members: 12
    • From field of Literature, science, art and social service
  • Elected members of the states to be elected by respective Legislative Assembly by Proportional Representation by means of single transferrable vote
  • Representatives of UTs to be chosen as Parliament may by law prescribe
  • 1/3 members retire every 2 years
  • At least 30 years of age
  • Deputy Chairman can resign by addressing to the Chairman

Most RS seats: UP>Maharashtra>TN=AP>Bihar=WB>Karnataka

States with only one RS seat: Arunachal, Goa, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura

States with least RS seats: Above 8<HP=Uttaranchal<J&K<Haryana=CG

UTs: Delhi-3, Puducherry-1, Rest-zero

House of People

  • 530 members from states by direct elections
  • 20 from UTs chosen in a manner prescribed by the Parliament
  • 2 nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if it is not represented
  • Ratio of LS seats allocated to a state and its Population should be same across states
    • This may not be followed if the population of the state is less than 6 million
  • Population kept as frozen till the census taken after 2026
    • For LS constituency allotment to states: 1971 census data used
    • For defining boundaries of constituencies: 2001 census data used
  • At least 25 years of age
  • Speaker can resign by addressing to the Dy Speaker. The latter can resign by addressing to the Speaker
  • When LS is dissolved, the Speaker shall not vacate his office until immediately before the first meeting of the LS after its Dissolution
  • Whenever the Deputy Speaker is appointed as a member of a parliamentary committee, he automatically becomes its chairman

Most LS seats: UP>Maharashtra>AP=WB>Bihar>TN

States with one LS seat: Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim

Least LS seats: Above 3<Manipur=Meghalaya=Goa=AP=Tripura<HP<Uttaranchal<J&K

UTs: Delhi(7), Puducherry(2), Rest -1

Reserved for SC: UP – 17, WB – 10

Reserved for ST: MP – 6, Jharkhand, Orissa – 5, CG, Gujarat, Maharashtra – 4

 

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What is the Union Executive?

The Union Executive is the body of people who are responsible for carrying out the day-to-day running of the country. It is made up of the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers.

What is the State Executive?

The State Executive is the body of people who are responsible for carrying out the day-to-day running of a state. It is made up of the Governor, the Chief Minister, and the Council of Ministers.

What are the functions of the Union Executive?

The functions of the Union Executive include:

  • Making laws
  • Conducting foreign affairs
  • Maintaining law and order
  • Protecting the country from external aggression
  • Promoting the welfare of the people

What are the functions of the State Executive?

The functions of the State Executive include:

  • Making laws
  • Conducting state affairs
  • Maintaining law and order
  • Protecting the state from external aggression
  • Promoting the welfare of the people

How is the Union Executive appointed?

The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the states. The Vice President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the Prime Minister.

How is the State Executive appointed?

The Governor is appointed by the President. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the Chief Minister.

What are the qualifications for being a member of the Union Executive?

A person must be a citizen of India and must have completed 35 years of age to be a member of the Union Executive.

What are the qualifications for being a member of the State Executive?

A person must be a citizen of India and must have completed 30 years of age to be a member of the State Executive.

What are the powers of the Union Executive?

The Union Executive has the power to:

  • Make laws
  • Conduct foreign affairs
  • Maintain law and order
  • Protect the country from external aggression
  • Promote the welfare of the people

What are the powers of the State Executive?

The State Executive has the power to:

  • Make laws
  • Conduct state affairs
  • Maintain law and order
  • Protect the state from external aggression
  • Promote the welfare of the people

What are the limitations of the Union Executive?

The Union Executive is limited by the following:

  • The Constitution
  • The laws made by Parliament
  • The decisions of the courts

What are the limitations of the State Executive?

The State Executive is limited by the following:

What is the difference between the Union Executive and the State Executive?

The main difference between the Union Executive and the State Executive is that the Union Executive is responsible for the entire country, while the State Executive is responsible for only one state.

Sure, here are some MCQs on the topics of the Union and State Executive, without mentioning the topic itself:

  1. The President of India is elected by:
    (a) The members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
    (b) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States
    (c) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Union Territories
    (d) The members of the Electoral College consisting of the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States

  2. The Vice-President of India is elected by:
    (a) The members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
    (b) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States
    (c) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Union Territories
    (d) The members of the Electoral College consisting of the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States

  3. The Prime Minister of India is appointed by:
    (a) The President of India
    (b) The Vice-President of India
    (c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
    (d) The Justice-of-india/”>Chief Justice of India

  4. The Council of Ministers is headed by the:
    (a) Prime Minister
    (b) President
    (c) Vice-President
    (d) Speaker of the Lok Sabha

  5. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by:
    (a) The President of India
    (b) The Prime Minister
    (c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
    (d) The Chief Justice of the High Court of Delhi

  6. The Supreme Court of India consists of:
    (a) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 25 other judges
    (b) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 30 other judges
    (c) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 35 other judges
    (d) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 40 other judges

  7. The High Court of a State consists of:
    (a) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 10 other judges
    (b) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 15 other judges
    (c) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 20 other judges
    (d) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 25 other judges

  8. The Governor of a State is appointed by:
    (a) The President of India
    (b) The Prime Minister
    (c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
    (d) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the State

  9. The Lieutenant Governor of a Union Territory is appointed by:
    (a) The President of India
    (b) The Prime Minister
    (c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
    (d) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Union Territory

  10. The Chief Minister of a State is appointed by:
    (a) The Governor of the State
    (b) The President of India
    (c) The Prime Minister
    (d) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha

I hope these MCQs were helpful!

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