Here is a list of subtopics on Unemployment in India:
- Causes of unemployment in India
- Effects of unemployment in India
- Measures to tackle unemployment in India
- Types of Unemployment in India
- Unemployment rate in India
- Youth unemployment in India
- Women unemployment in India
- Rural unemployment in India
- Urban unemployment in India
- Educated unemployment in India
- Unskilled unemployment in India
- Chronic unemployment in Disguised Unemployment
- Seasonal Unemployment in cyclical unemployment
- Structural Unemployment in Frictional Unemployment
- Technological unemployment in structural unemployment
- Mass unemployment in cyclical unemployment
- Involuntary unemployment in voluntary unemployment
- Open unemployment in disguised unemployment
- Visible unemployment in invisible unemployment
- Registered unemployment in unregistered unemployment
- Organised unemployment in unorganised unemployment
- Casual unemployment in regular unemployment
- Full-time unemployment in part-time unemployment
- Self-employment in wage employment
- Formal employment in informal employment
- Public sector employment in private sector employment
- Agricultural employment in non-agricultural employment
- Primary Sector employment in Secondary Sector employment in Tertiary Sector employment
- Manufacturing employment in services employment
- Trade employment in transport employment
- Construction employment in mining employment
- Electricity, gas, water supply employment in wholesale and retail trade employment
- Financial intermediation employment in real estate, renting and business activities employment
- Public administration and defence employment in education employment
- Health and social work employment in arts, entertainment and recreation employment
- Other community, social and personal service activities employment
- Activities not adequately described employment
Unemployment is a major problem in India. According to the latest data from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the unemployment rate in India was 6.1% in 2017-18. This is the highest unemployment rate in India in 45 years.
There are many causes of unemployment in India. Some of the main causes include:
- Rapid Population Growth: India’s population is growing at a rate of 1.2% per year. This means that there are more people entering the workforce every year than there are jobs available.
- Slow economic growth: India’s economy has been growing at a slower pace in recent years. This has led to fewer job opportunities being created.
- Lack of education and skills: Many young people in India do not have the education or skills that employers are looking for. This makes it difficult for them to find jobs.
- Discrimination: Women and people from certain castes and communities face discrimination in the job market. This makes it difficult for them to find jobs.
Unemployment has a number of negative effects on individuals, families, and society as a whole. Some of the main effects of unemployment include:
- Poverty: Unemployment can lead to poverty. People who are unemployed often have difficulty making ends meet. They may have to go into debt or rely on government assistance.
- Social problems: Unemployment can lead to social problems such as crime, drug abuse, and family breakdown. People who are unemployed may feel frustrated and hopeless. This can lead them to engage in risky or destructive behaviors.
- Economic problems: Unemployment can also have a negative impact on the economy. When people are unemployed, they are not spending MoneyMoney. This can lead to a decrease in demand for goods and services, which can hurt businesses and lead to further job losses.
There are a number of measures that can be taken to tackle unemployment in India. Some of the main measures include:
- Creating more jobs: The government needs to create more jobs to absorb the growing workforce. This can be done by investing in InfrastructureInfrastructure, manufacturing, and other sectors that create jobs.
- Improving education and skills: The government needs to improve the quality of education and training so that young people are better equipped for the job market. This can be done by investing in schools, colleges, and vocational training programs.
- Removing discrimination: The government needs to take steps to remove discrimination in the job market. This can be done by passing laws that prohibit discrimination and by enforcing those laws.
- Providing social safety nets: The government needs to provide social safety nets to help people who are unemployed. This can be done by providing unemployment benefits, food stamps, and other forms of assistance.
Unemployment is a complex problem with no easy solutions. However, by taking the right measures, the government can help to reduce unemployment and its negative effects on individuals, families, and society as a whole.
In addition to the measures mentioned above, the government can also promote EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship and self-employment. This can be done by providing financial assistance, training, and other support to entrepreneurs. The government can also encourage the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are important job creators and can play a key role in reducing unemployment.
The government can also work to improve the business EnvironmentEnvironment in India. This can be done by reducing taxes and regulations, improving infrastructure, and providing access to credit. A better business environment will attract more InvestmentInvestment and create more jobs.
Unemployment is a serious problem, but it is not insurmountable. By taking the right measures, the government can help to reduce unemployment and its negative effects on individuals, families, and society as a whole.
Causes of unemployment in India
- Lack of education and skills: Many people in India do not have the education or skills required for the jobs that are available. This is due to a number of factors, including poverty, lack of access to quality education, and discrimination.
- Mismatch between demand and supply: The demand for labor in India is not evenly distributed across sectors and regions. This can lead to unemployment in some areas, even when there are jobs available in other areas.
- Economic slowdown: A slowdown in the economy can lead to job losses, as businesses cut back on production and hiring. This has been a major factor in the recent increase in unemployment in India.
- Government policies: Some government policies, such as those that restrict the growth of the informal sector, can also contribute to unemployment.
Effects of unemployment in India
- Poverty: Unemployment is a major cause of Poverty in India. People who are unemployed are often unable to find enough work to support themselves and their families. This can lead to malnutrition, poor health, and lack of access to education and other essential services.
- Social unrest: Unemployment can also lead to social unrest and crime. People who are unemployed may feel frustrated and angry, and they may be more likely to engage in criminal activity.
- Brain drain: Unemployment can also lead to a brain drain, as skilled workers leave the country in search of better opportunities elsewhere. This can have a negative impact on the country’s economy and development.
Measures to tackle unemployment in India
- Invest in education and skills training: The government should invest in education and skills training to ensure that people have the skills they need to get jobs. This could include providing free or low-cost education and training, as well as providing scholarships and other financial assistance to students.
- Create jobs: The government should create jobs by investing in infrastructure, agriculture, and other sectors of the economy. This could include building roads, bridges, and other infrastructure projects, as well as providing subsidies to businesses that create jobs.
- Reform labor laws: The government should reform labor laws to make it easier for businesses to hire and fire workers. This could include reducing the number of days of notice that employers are required to give workers before firing them, as well as making it easier for businesses to hire temporary workers.
- Provide social safety nets: The government should provide social safety nets to help people who are unemployed. This could include providing unemployment benefits, food stamps, and other forms of assistance.
Types of unemployment in India
- Open unemployment: Open unemployment is when people are actively looking for work but are unable to find it. This is the most common type of unemployment in India.
- Disguised unemployment: Disguised unemployment is when people are employed but are not working to their full potential. This can happen in agriculture, where there may be more people working on a farm than are actually needed.
- Seasonal unemployment: Seasonal unemployment is when people are unemployed during certain times of the year. This can happen in agriculture, tourism, and other industries that are affected by the seasons.
- Cyclical unemployment: Cyclical unemployment is when unemployment rises during a RecessionRecession and falls during an economic boom. This is caused by fluctuations in the overall demand for goods and services.
- Structural unemployment: Structural unemployment is when unemployment is caused by changes in the structure of the economy. This can happen when new technologies are introduced, when industries decline, or when the economy shifts from one sector to another.
Unemployment rate in India
The unemployment rate in India is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. The labor force is the total number of people who are either employed or actively looking for work. The unemployment rate is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed people by the labor force and multiplying by 100.
The unemployment rate in India has been rising in recent years. In 2017, the unemployment rate was 6.1%. In 2018, the unemployment rate was 6.5%. And in 2019, the unemployment rate was 7.1%.
The rise in the unemployment rate is due to a number of factors, including the slowdown in the economy, the lack of job creation, and the mismatch between demand and supply of labor.
Youth unemployment in India
Youth unemployment is the unemployment rate among people aged 15 to 29. The youth unemployment rate in India is high, at 24.5%. This is higher than the overall unemployment rate of 7.1%.
The high youth unemployment rate is due to a number of factors, including the lack of education and skills, the mismatch between demand and supply of labor, and the slowdown in the economy.
Here are some MCQs on unemployment in India:
- Which of the following is not a type of unemployment in India?
(A) Chronic unemployment
(B) Seasonal unemployment
(CC) Structural unemployment
(D) Technological unemployment
(E) Voluntary unemployment - Which of the following is not a cause of unemployment in India?
(A) Lack of education and skills
(B) Population growth
(C) Economic slowdown
(D) Technological advancement
(E) Lack of motivation - Which of the following is not an effect of unemployment in India?
(A) Poverty
(B) Crime
(C) Social unrest
(D) Brain drain
(E) Economic growth - Which of the following is not a measure to tackle unemployment in India?
(A) Increasing investment in education and skills development
(B) Creating more jobs in the formal sector
(C) Providing subsidies to businesses that hire unemployed workers
(D) Providing unemployment benefits to the unemployed
(E) Reducing the population growth rate - The unemployment rate in India is currently at what level?
(A) 6.1%
(B) 7.2%
(C) 8.3%
(D) 9.4%
(E) 10.5% - The youth unemployment rate in India is currently at what level?
(A) 12.8%
(B) 14.7%
(C) 16.6%
(D) 18.5%
(E) 20.4% - The women unemployment rate in India is currently at what level?
(A) 10.8%
(B) 12.7%
(C) 14.6%
(D) 16.5%
(E) 18.4% - The rural unemployment rate in India is currently at what level?
(A) 6.8%
(B) 8.7%
(C) 10.6%
(D) 12.5%
(E) 14.4% - The urban unemployment rate in India is currently at what level?
(A) 7.9%
(B) 9.8%
(C) 11.7%
(D) 13.6%
(E) 15.5% - The educated unemployment rate in India is currently at what level?
(A) 13.1%
(B) 15.0%
(C) 16.9%
(D) 18.8%
(E) 20.7% - The unskilled unemployment rate in India is currently at what level?
(A) 8.2%
(B) 10.1%
(C) 12.0%
(D) 13.9%
(E) 15.8% - Chronic unemployment is a type of unemployment that is characterized by:
(A) People being unemployed for long periods of time
(B) People being unemployed because they do not have the skills that are in demand
(C) People being unemployed because there are not enough jobs available
(D) People being unemployed because they are not willing to work - Seasonal unemployment is a type of unemployment that is characterized by:
(A) People being unemployed because there are not enough jobs available during certain times of the year
(B) People being unemployed because they do not have the skills that are in demand
(C) People being unemployed because they are not willing to work
(D) People being unemployed because they are sick or injured - Structural unemployment is a type of unemployment that is characterized by:
(A) People being unemployed because there are not enough jobs available
(B) People being unemployed because they do not have the skills that are in demand
(C) People being unemployed because they are not willing to work
(D) People being unemployed because the economy is in a recession - Technological unemployment is a type of unemployment that is characterized by:
(A) People being unemployed because there are not enough jobs available
(B) People being unemployed because they do not have the skills that are in demand
(C) People being unemployed because they are not willing to work
(D) People being unemployed because machines are doing the jobs that people used to do