Tribal Welfare Administration, Tribal sub plan and Single line administration in Chhattisgarh
The tribal areas of Chhattisgarh though sparsely populated continue to receive special attention of the State Government primarily on account of their strategic location and comparative backwardness. The Tribal Sub Plan was started in 1974-75 in the State and entire tribal Population was brought under the ambit of the Tribal Sub Plan by 1987-88. The strategy of Tribe sub-plan envisages channelizing an adequate flow of funds are benefits to ST’s from all sectors of development through the Annual Plans of States / UT and the Central Ministries atleast in proportion to their population, both in financial and physical terms.
The mains objectives of Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) are :
(i) Sub statical reduction in POVERTY and Unemployment of ST’s.
(ii) Creation of productive assets in their favour and providing them with livelihood opportunities on a sustainable basis.
(iii) Human resource development of ST’s providing adequate educational and Health Services.
(iv) Provisions of social, physical and financial security to them against all types of exploitation and oppression.
Mechanism for Tribal Sub-Plan
The concept of incorporating Tribal Sub-Plan in the Annual Plan of the State was first introduced by the Planning Commission, Government of India on the eve of 5th Five-Year Plan. Comprehensive development of Tribal areas focusing particularly on the Welfare of individual tribal family was the main objective of the tribal sub-plan. The procedure followed in the State till 1995- 96 for the formulation of Tribal Sub-Plan of the State was briefly that State Planning department used to allocate plan outlays to different sectoral departments in consultation with Tribal Development Department.
The departments concerned then used to curve out outlays for Tribal Sub-Plan as per their own discretion and priorities, and to decide as to which of the schemes, programmes and development works are to be taken-up from the funds provided under Tribal Sub-Plan. There was, therefore, a feeling that the Tribal SubPlan was merely agglomeration of the State Plan schemes taken-up in the Tribal Area and emphasis given mainly arithmetical figures rather than the scheme really benefiting tribal families. There was no attempt to formulate the sub-plan in consultation with the Integrated Tribal Development Project level officers.
The Tribal Sub-Plan in respect of ITDP prepared in consultation with the Project Advisory Committee shall be compiled by the Tribal Development Department in consultation with Heads of implementing departments and dovetail the same in the main Tribal Sub-Plan. The draft Tribal Sub-Plan so formulated will be submitted to the State Planning Department for incorporating the same in the main State Plan. The Draft Plan document including proposals for the Tribal Sub-Plan is presented to the State Planning Board and after their approval; the State Plan is submitted to the Planning Commission and the Central Ministries. Like State Plan, the Tribal Sub-Plan document is also prepared separately in the Tribal Development Department in consultation with the Head of Departments and is submitted to the Planning Commission and the Union Tribal Affairs Ministry where the General Plan is discussed in the working groups set up by the Planning Commission, discussion on the Tribal Sub-Plan also takes place in the Tribal Affairs Ministry a day earlier fixed for the general plan in the Planning Commission. The main responsibility of finalising the Tribal Sub-Plan within the ceiling so indicated, now rests with Tribal Development department and do not with the Administrative departments as was the previous practice. The outlays for different schemes are now decided by the Tribal Development Department, keeping in view the proposals submitted by the Project Advisory Committees. The schemes are now being scrutinised very carefully by the Tribal Development Department.
Monitoring and evaluation System
A Plan is as good as implemented, monitoring is continued to be undertaken through reports, review meetings and field visits. Towards this end, after the Sub-Plan gets reflected in the State budget in a single Consolidated Demand. a document, containing the complete set of schemes and the ITDP-wise Sectoral/Schemewise/SOE-wise outlays and list of works is prepared by the Tribal Development Department and circulated to all the departments and their field agencies simultaneously for timely implementation of schemes. The Head of Departments conveys the budget allocation to their respective Drawing & Disbursing Officers. All this is done by the 1st week of April so that expenditure is incurred right from the beginning of the financial year and targeted works could be completed within limited working season in the tribal areas. A stock of performance of the tribal sub-plan programme is taken quarterly at the Project Level by the Project Advisory Committee and by the Commissioner-cum- Addl. Chief Secretary (TD)/ AdditionalCommissioner(T.D.)/ Deputy Director while on tour to these areas. At the State level, the Chief Secretary holds quarterly review meetings with the departments who, at their own level, also do such exercise like-wise. A mid-year review is also undertaken to affect diversion in outlays within and without the earmarked sectors.
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) is an Indian constitutional body was established through Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.
On the 89th Amendment of the Constitution coming into force on 19 February 2004, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes has been set up under ARTICLE 338A on bifurcation of erstwhile National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to oversee the implementation of various safeguards provided to Scheduled Tribes under the Constitution.
Policies/ Programs for scheduled tribes
Educational Empowerment
Top Class Education for ST Students
This is a Central Sector Scholarship Scheme for ST students introduced from the academic year 2007-08 with the objective of encouraging meritorious ST students for pursing studies at Degree and Post Graduate level in any of the Institutes identified by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs for the purpose.
Eklavya Model Residential Schools
In the context of the trend of establishing quality residential schools for the promotion of education in all areas and habitations in the country, the Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) for ST students take their place among the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas, the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas and the Kendriya Vidyalayas. Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) are set up in States/UTs with grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution of India.
Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
The Government of India, Ministry of Tribal Affairs has launched Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (VKY) for welfare of Tribals. VKY aims at creating enabling Environment for need based and outcome oriented holistic development of the tribal people. This process envisages to ensure that all the intended benefits of goods and services under various programmes/schemes of Central as well as State Governments actually reach the target groups by convergence of Resources through appropriate institutional mechanism.
Economic empowerment
Model Blocks
There are about 350 Blocks in the Schedule V areas where population to STs compared to total population of the Block is 50% or above. Despite several interventions in the past, these Blocks are still reeling under various facets of deprivation in so far as Human Development Indices are concerned. Through VKY, it is envisaged to develop these Blocks as model Blocks over the period of next five years with qualitative and visible infrastructural facilities.
Scheme of Marketing Development of Tribal Products or Produce
The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED) was established in August 1987 by the then Ministry of Welfare, Government ofIndia , under the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act 1984 (which has now been replaced by the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002) . TRIFED was established with the basic mandate of bringing about the socio-Economic Development of tribals of the country by institutionalizing the trade of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) and Surplus agriculture Produce (SAP) collected/cultivated by them – because tribals are heavily dependent on these natural products for their livelihood. But in many cases they did not use to get remunerative prices due to middle-men and unscrupulous traders exploiting the naiveté of Tribals.
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Tribal development is the process of improving the social, economic, and political conditions of tribal peoples. It is a complex and challenging task, as tribal peoples often live in remote areas with limited access to resources. However, there have been a number of successful tribal development programs in India, which have helped to improve the lives of millions of people.
The history of tribal development in India can be traced back to the British colonial period. The British government established a number of policies and programs aimed at improving the lives of tribal peoples. However, these policies were often paternalistic and did not always meet the needs of tribal peoples.
After independence, the Indian government continued to focus on tribal development. A number of new programs and policies were introduced, which aimed to improve the economic and social conditions of tribal peoples. These programs included the establishment of tribal development blocks, the provision of education and health services, and the promotion of tribal culture and traditions.
In recent years, there has been a renewed focus on tribal development in India. This is due to a number of factors, including the growing awareness of the problems faced by tribal peoples, the increasing demand for tribal rights, and the recognition of the importance of tribal culture and traditions.
The Indian government has launched a number of new programs and policies aimed at improving the lives of tribal peoples. These programs include the National Tribal Development Plan, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural EMPLOYMENT Guarantee Act.
The National Tribal Development Plan is a comprehensive program aimed at improving the economic and social conditions of tribal peoples. The program covers a wide range of areas, including education, health, agriculture, and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.
The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a Financial Inclusion program aimed at providing Banking services to the poor. The program has been particularly successful in reaching tribal peoples, who have traditionally been excluded from the formal financial system.
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is a social security program that guarantees 100 days of employment per year to rural households. The program has been particularly beneficial for tribal peoples, who often face high levels of unemployment.
The Indian government has also taken a number of steps to promote tribal culture and traditions. These steps include the establishment of tribal museums, the promotion of tribal art and music, and the support of tribal festivals.
Tribal development is a complex and challenging task, but there have been a number of successful tribal development programs in India. These programs have helped to improve the lives of millions of people, and they provide a model for other countries that are working to improve the lives of their tribal peoples.
Challenges and Issues in Tribal Development
Despite the progress that has been made in tribal development, there are still a number of challenges and issues that need to be addressed. These challenges include:
- Poverty: Tribal peoples are disproportionately affected by poverty. According to the 2011 census, the poverty rate among tribal peoples was 29.8%, compared to 21.9% for the general population.
- Lack of education: Tribal peoples have lower levels of education than the general population. According to the 2011 census, the Literacy rate among tribal peoples was 67.1%, compared to 74.0% for the general population.
- Lack of health care: Tribal peoples have lower levels of access to health care than the general population. According to the 2011 census, the infant mortality rate among tribal peoples was 64 per 1,000 live births, compared to 44 per 1,000 live births for the general population.
- Lack of access to land: Tribal peoples often lack secure access to land. This can make it difficult for them to develop their livelihoods and improve their standard of living.
- Exploitation: Tribal peoples are often exploited by non-tribal peoples. This can take the form of forced labor, land grabbing, and other forms of exploitation.
- Discrimination: Tribal peoples often face discrimination from the non-tribal majority. This can make it difficult for them to access education, health care, and other services.
Future Prospects of Tribal Development
Despite the challenges and issues that need to be addressed, the future prospects for tribal development are positive. The Indian government has made a commitment to tribal development, and there is a growing awareness of the problems faced by tribal peoples. There is also a growing movement for tribal rights, which is helping to raise the profile of tribal issues.
With continued effort, it is possible to improve the lives of tribal peoples and achieve the goal of inclusive development.
What is tribal development?
Tribal development is the process of improving the Quality Of Life of tribal peoples. It includes a range of activities, such as providing education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.
What is the history of tribal development in India?
The history of tribal development in India can be traced back to the colonial period. The British government implemented a number of policies that had a negative impact on tribal peoples, such as land alienation and forced displacement. After independence, the Indian government adopted a number of policies aimed at improving the lives of tribal peoples. These policies have had some success, but there are still many challenges facing tribal peoples in India.
What are the main programmes and policies for tribal development in India?
The main programmes and policies for tribal development in India include the following:
- The Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP): The TSP is a centrally sponsored scheme that aims to promote the economic and social development of tribal areas.
- The National Tribal Development Agency (NTDA): The NTDA is a nodal agency for the implementation of tribal development programmes.
- The Ministry of Tribal Affairs: The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal ministry for the development of tribal peoples in India.
What are the challenges facing tribal development in India?
The main challenges facing tribal development in India include the following:
- Poverty: A large proportion of tribal peoples in India live below the Poverty Line.
- Lack of education: Many tribal peoples do not have access to quality education.
- Lack of healthcare: Many tribal peoples do not have access to quality healthcare.
- Land alienation: Tribal peoples are often displaced from their land due to development projects.
- Forced displacement: Tribal peoples are often displaced from their land due to violence and conflict.
- Discrimination: Tribal peoples often face discrimination in education, employment, and healthcare.
What are the solutions to the challenges facing tribal development in India?
The following are some of the solutions to the challenges facing tribal development in India:
- Increased Investment in education and healthcare: The government should increase investment in education and healthcare for tribal peoples.
- Land rights: The government should protect the land rights of tribal peoples.
- Development projects: The government should ensure that development projects do not harm tribal peoples.
- Conflict resolution: The government should take steps to resolve conflicts between tribal peoples and other groups.
- Anti-discrimination laws: The government should enact anti-discrimination laws to protect tribal peoples.
Which of the following is not a tribal group in India?
(A) Gond
(B) Bhil
(C) Brahmin
(D) SanthalThe first tribal development programme in India was launched in the year:
(A) 1952
(B) 1956
(C) 1960
(D) 1964The main objective of the tribal development programmes is to:
(A) Improve the socio-economic condition of tribals
(B) Protect the rights of tribals
(C) Promote tribal culture and heritage
(D) All of the aboveThe National Commission for Scheduled Tribes is a statutory body that was set up in the year:
(A) 1975
(B) 1980
(C) 1985
(D) 1990The main function of the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes is to:
(A) Protect the rights of tribals
(B) Promote tribal welfare
(C) Review the implementation of tribal development programmes
(D) All of the aboveThe Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal ministry for the development of tribals in India. It was set up in the year:
(A) 1956
(B) 1960
(C) 1964
(D) 1975The main objective of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs is to:
(A) Improve the socio-economic condition of tribals
(B) Protect the rights of tribals
(C) Promote tribal culture and heritage
(D) All of the aboveThe Ministry of Tribal Affairs is responsible for implementing a number of tribal development programmes. These include:
(A) The Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP)
(B) The Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP)
(C) The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)
(D) All of the aboveThe Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) is a centrally sponsored scheme that was launched in the year:
(A) 1975
(B) 1980
(C) 1985
(D) 1990The main objective of the TSP is to:
(A) Promote economic development of tribal areas
(B) Improve the infrastructure in tribal areas
(C) Provide employment opportunities to tribals
(D) All of the aboveThe Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP) is a centrally sponsored scheme that was launched in the year:
(A) 1975
(B) 1980
(C) 1985
(D) 1990The main objective of the ITDP is to:
(A) Promote integrated development of tribal areas
(B) Improve the socio-economic condition of tribals
(C) Protect the rights of tribals
(D) All of the aboveThe National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) is a centrally sponsored scheme that was launched in the year:
(A) 2005
(B) 2006
(C) 2007
(D) 2008The main objective of the NRLM is to:
(A) Promote self-employment among rural poor
(B) Provide financial assistance to rural poor
(C) Create sustainable livelihoods for rural poor
(D) All of the aboveThe NRLM is implemented through a number of self-help groups (SHGs). SHGs are groups of poor people who come together to save Money, borrow money, and invest in income-generating activities.
The NRLM has been successful in promoting self-employment and creating sustainable livelihoods for rural poor. In the last 10 years, the NRLM has helped over 70 million rural poor to form SHGs and access financial services.
The NRLM has also been successful in improving the lives of tribals. In the last 10 years, the NRLM has helped over 10 million tribals to form SHGs and access financial services.
The NRLM has made a significant contribution to the development of tribals in India. It has helped to improve their socio-economic condition, protect their rights, and promote their culture and heritage.
The NRLM is a success story of the Indian government’s efforts to improve the lives of the