<–2/”>a >Transport and Communication is the basic infrastructural requirement for achieving rapid Economic Development. Adequacy of Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE in transport and communication sector is crucial for attracting Investment. The ongoing Economic Reforms, therefore, attach high priority to development of transport and communication infrastructure.
Development of transportation infrastructure is also essential for Marketing of agricultural products and enabling the farmers to get a fair price. State Government have, therefore, accorded high priority for all round development in Transport and Communication Sector.
Road Transport
The number of motor vehicles on road in the State during 2004-05 was 14.61 lakh, registering an increase of 14.87% over 2003-04. During 2000-01, the number of vehicles in the State per thousand square km was 5,622 and per lakh Population 2,378. This has increased to 9,383 and 3804 respectively by the end of March 2005. Among the 26 transport regions in the State, the number of vehicles on road in Bhubaneswar region was highest (3,07,815) followed by Cuttack (1, 84,808) and Rourkela (1, 58,237) during 2004-05.
The Orissa State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC), some Urban Local Bodies and private bus operators have been catering to the travel needs of people with 5,997 buses in the State during 2004 – 05. During 1990-91 when population of the State was 316 lakhs, the number of buses available per lakh population was only 9, and has since increased to 16 during 2004-05. Similarly during the same period, the number of goods vehicles available per lakh population has increased from 84 to 199.
RAIL TRANSPORT
Orissa has so far remained backward in the field of development of railways. The existing railway lines pass through the fringes of the State leaving the central areas untouched. This inadequacy is one of the factors which has had an adverse impact on the pace of infrastructural and industrial development in the State. There are 234 railway stations and 27 passenger halts in the State.
The railway routes cover 23 districts of the State and exclude seven districts viz. Boudh, Deogarh, Kandhamal, Kendrapara, Malkangiri, Nawarangpur and Nayagarh.
A techno-economic feasibility study for introduction of Mass Rapid Transit System between CuttackBhubaneswar to be extended to Choudwar and Khurda has been sanctioned by Government of India under Centrally Sponsored Scheme and is in progress.
PARADEEP PORT
Among the 11 major ports in the country, Paradeep is the only port belonging to Orissa, through which Minerals and metallurgical products are exported. The export activity through this port is in increasing trend.
GOPALPUR PORT
The State Government have developed a fair weather port at Gopalpur with an investment of Rs.35.95 crore which has been opened to traffic from Feb., 1987. Since 2002-03 no export and import has been made through this port for want of cargo. State Government propose to develop Gopalpur Port into an all weather port through a private developer.
DHAMARA HARBOUR
The operational activities of the Fishery port, Dhamara, continued in the year 2004-05. The trend at Dhamara, both in terms of its use by Trawler Owners and collection of revenue was quite encouraging. State Government propose to establish a Mega Port of international standard at Dhamara.
Inland water transport
This service is being provided by the State Government with the support and assistance from Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India. The Directorate of Inland Water Transport is the nodal agency which controls all activities relating to passenger launch Services, survey and registration of Inland crafts, conducting examination of Serang, Master, Driver and Inland Engineers and preparation of schemes, direction and conducting training for the crews at crew training institute.
Passenger motor launch service is being provided in eight different water routes under three sectors. The Chandbali sector provides launch services from Chandbali to Aradi, Talachuan and Rajnagar while Balugaon sector provides services from Balugaon to Krushna Prasad, Kalijai, Nuapada and Satapada and Astarang sector provides services from Nuagarh to Sribantapur through 20 motor launches and 5 country boats. But after super cyclone of 1999, eleven motor launches and 3 country boats are operating in these routes after necessary repairs. The motor launch services from Balugaon to Satapada and Balugaon to Nuapada have been discontinued temporarily due to insufficient passengers and low draft of water at the lake shore.
CIVIL AVIATION
The Directorate of Civil Aviation looks after the use and maintenance of the State’s passenger aircrafts and trainer aircrafts, training of student pilots and construction and development of air strips in the State. There are 13 airstrips and 16 helipads in the State for landing of State Government aircrafts and helicopters and efforts are being made for black topping of all the air strips to make them fit for all-weather operation.
Government of India in the Ministry of Civil Aviation have taken up expansion and modernization of Bhubaneswar Airport in view of its geographical, tourist and commercial importance. The State Government have provided 68.3 acres of land free of cost and the development work of the airport is in progress. Flights from Bhubaneswar to cities like Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Hyderabad and Mumbai are available. Consequent upon declaration of Bhubaneswar Airport as Customs Airport, an air cargo complex started functioning at the airport since August, 1995 under the Air Customs Division, Bhubaneswar to facilitate export and import by air.,
Orissa is a state in eastern India. It is bordered by West Bengal to the north, Jharkhand to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the west, Andhra Pradesh to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. The state has a population of over 45 million people and a land area of over 155,000 square kilometers.
The transport Network in Orissa is well-developed and includes Airports, buses, railways, roads, and waterways.
Airports
Orissa has three major airports: Bhubaneswar Airport, Jharsuguda Airport, and Rourkela Airport. Bhubaneswar Airport is the largest airport in the state and is the main hub for air travel. It is located about 6 kilometers from the city of Bhubaneswar. Jharsuguda Airport is located about 200 kilometers from Bhubaneswar and is used for domestic flights. Rourkela Airport is located about 300 kilometers from Bhubaneswar and is used for domestic and international flights.
Buses
Orissa has a well-developed bus network that connects all major cities and towns in the state. The state-run Orissa State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC) operates a fleet of buses that ply on all major routes. There are also private bus operators that provide services on some routes.
Railways
Orissa has a well-developed railway network that connects all major cities and towns in the state. The Indian Railways operates a number of trains that run through Orissa. The main railway stations in Orissa are Bhubaneswar Railway Station, Cuttack Railway Station, and Sambalpur Railway Station.
Roads
Orissa has a well-developed road network that connects all major cities and towns in the state. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) maintains a number of national highways that run through Orissa. The state government also maintains a number of state highways and major district roads.
Waterways
Orissa has a number of rivers that are navigable by boats and barges. The Mahanadi River is the largest river in Orissa and is navigable for about 200 kilometers from its mouth. The Brahmani River is another major river in Orissa and is navigable for about 100 kilometers from its mouth. The Baitarani River is a third major river in Orissa and is navigable for about 50 kilometers from its mouth.
The transport network in Orissa is well-developed and provides a variety of Options for travel. The state has three major airports, a well-developed bus network, a well-developed railway network, a well-developed road network, and a number of navigable rivers.
What is the transport network of Orissa?
The transport network of Orissa is a complex and interconnected system of roads, railways, and airways. The state has a well-developed road network, with over 100,000 kilometers of roads. The railway network is also extensive, with over 2,000 kilometers of track. The state has two major airports, Bhubaneswar Airport and Jharsuguda Airport.
What are the different modes of transport in Orissa?
The different modes of transport in Orissa are road, rail, air, and water.
Road transport is the most popular mode of transport in Orissa. The state has a well-developed road network, with over 100,000 kilometers of roads. The roads are well-maintained and connect all major towns and cities in the state.
Rail transport is also a popular mode of transport in Orissa. The state has over 2,000 kilometers of track. The railways connect all major towns and cities in the state.
Air transport is a less popular mode of transport in Orissa. The state has two major airports, Bhubaneswar Airport and Jharsuguda Airport. The airports connect Orissa to major cities in India and abroad.
Water transport is a minor mode of transport in Orissa. The state has a few major rivers, such as the Mahanadi, Brahmani, and Baitarani. The rivers are used for transportation of goods and people.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each mode of transport?
The advantages of road transport are that it is convenient, affordable, and flexible. The disadvantages of road transport are that it can be congested and polluting.
The advantages of rail transport are that it is comfortable, safe, and reliable. The disadvantages of rail transport are that it can be expensive and slow.
The advantages of air transport are that it is fast and convenient. The disadvantages of air transport are that it can be expensive and polluting.
The advantages of water transport are that it is cheap and environmentally friendly. The disadvantages of water transport are that it can be slow and unreliable.
What are the challenges faced by the transport network of Orissa?
The transport network of Orissa faces a number of challenges, including congestion, pollution, and lack of investment.
Congestion is a major problem in Orissa’s cities. The roads are often congested, which can lead to delays and traffic jams.
Pollution is another major problem in Orissa’s transport network. The air quality in the state is poor, and this is partly due to the emissions from vehicles.
Lack of investment is a major challenge facing the transport network of Orissa. The state government has not invested enough in the transport network, which has led to a decline in the quality of the roads and railways.
What are the future plans for the transport network of Orissa?
The government of Orissa has plans to improve the transport network in the state. The government plans to invest in the development of new roads, railways, and airports. The government also plans to improve the quality of the existing transport infrastructure.
Sure. Here are some MCQs about transport networks in general:
Which of the following is not a mode of transport?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most common mode of transport in the world?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the fastest mode of transport?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most expensive mode of transport?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most environmentally friendly mode of transport?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most dangerous mode of transport?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most popular mode of transport in the United States?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most popular mode of transport in China?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most popular mode of transport in India?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) RailWhich of the following is the most popular mode of transport in Japan?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Road
(D) Rail