The years of Stagnation and Emergence of socialism

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  • Gandhiji was arrested in 1922 and sentenced to 6 years of imprisonment. The result was the spread of disintegration, disorganization and demoralization in the nationalist ranks.
  • After a defeat of their resolution of ‘either mending or ending’ in the Congress, CR Das and Motilal Nehru resigned and formed the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party in December 1922.
    • It was to function as a group within the congress
  • How to carry on political work in the movements’ non-active phases. The swarajists said that work in the council was necessary to fill the temporary political void. The no-changers believed otherwise.
  • Major no-changers: Sardar Patel, Dr Ansari, Rajendra Prasad
  • The no-changers opposed council-entry mainly on the ground that parliamentary work would lead to the neglect of constructive and other work among the masses , the loss of revolutionary zeal and political Corruption.
  • Despite the differences, he two groups had a lot in common.
    • The need for unity was very strongly felt by all the Congressmen after the 1907 debacle.
    • Both realized that the real sanctions which would compel the government to accept the national demands would be forged only by a mass movement.
    • Both groups fully accepted the Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • In the session held in 1923, the congressmen were permitted to stand as candidates and exercise their franchise in the forthcoming Elections.
  • Gandhiji was released on February 5, 1924. He did not agree with the Swarajists. However, slowly he moved towards an accommodation with the swarajists.
  • On 6 November 1924, Gandhiji brought the strife between the Swarajists and no-changers to an end, by signing a joint statement with Das and Motilal that the Swarajists Party would carry on work in the legislatures on behalf of the Congress and as an integral part of the Congress. This decision was endorsed in Belgaum.
  • The Swarajists did well in the elections and won 42 out of 101 seats in the Central Legislative Assembly.
  • In March 1925, Vithalbhai J Patel was elected as he President (speaker) of the Central Legislative Assembly.
  • The achievement of the Swarajists lay in filling the political void at a time when the national movement was recouping its strength.
    • They also exposed the hollowness of the reforms of 1919
  • After the petering out of the NCM Communalism took stronghold
    • Even within the Congress, a group known as ‘responsivists’, including Madan Mohan Malviya, Lala Lajpat Rai and NC Kelkar, offered cooperation to the government so that the so-called Hindu interests might be safeguarded.

Emergence of Socialism in the 1920s in the nationalist ranks

  • JL Nehru and SC Bose
  • Raised the question of internal class oppression by capitalists and landlords
  • MN Roy became the first Indian to be elected to the leadership of the Communist International
  • Muzaffer Ahmed and SA Dange were tried in the Kanpur Conspiracy Case
  • 1925: Communist Party of India was formed
  • All India Trade Union Congress
  • Various Strikes: Bombay textile mills, Jamshedpur, Kharagpur
  • Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)
    • Peasants under the leadership of Sardar Patel organized no tax campaign
  • Indian Youth were becoming active
    • First All Bengal Conference of Students held in 1928 presided by JL Nehru
  • Hindustan Republican Association: 1924
    • Kakori Conspiracy Case (1925)
    • Four, including Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan were hanged.
  • Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (1928)
    • On 17th December 1928, Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru assassinated Saunders
    • Bhagat Singh and BK Dutt threw bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1929 to let the people know of their changed political objectives
  • Chittagong Armoury Raid: 1030, Surya Sen
    • Participation of young Women

 

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The years of Stagnation and Emergence of socialism are a period in history that began in the late 1970s and lasted until the early 1990s. During this time, the Soviet Union and its allies experienced a period of economic and political stagnation. This was due to a number of factors, including the failure of the centrally planned economy, the rise of corruption, and the growing discontent of the Population.

In the early 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union. He introduced a number of reforms, known as glasnost and perestroika, which were designed to address the problems of the Soviet system. These reforms led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The years of Stagnation and Emergence of socialism were a time of great change and upheaval. They saw the end of the Cold War and the rise of new political and Economic Systems.

The following are some of the subtopics that are related to The years of Stagnation and Emergence of socialism:

  • The rise of Mikhail Gorbachev
  • The collapse of the Soviet Union
  • The end of the Cold War
  • The rise of new political and economic systems

The rise of Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev was born in 1931 in Stavropol, a region in southern Russia. He joined the Communist Party in 1952 and rose through the ranks of the party. In 1985, he was appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Gorbachev was a reformer who believed that the Soviet Union needed to change in order to survive. He introduced a number of reforms, known as glasnost and perestroika, which were designed to open up the Soviet system and make it more democratic.

Glasnost meant “openness” and it allowed for greater freedom of speech and expression. Perestroika meant “restructuring” and it involved changes to the Soviet economy.

Gorbachev’s reforms were met with resistance from some members of the Communist Party. However, he was able to push through his reforms and they led to a number of changes in the Soviet Union.

The collapse of the Soviet Union

The collapse of the Soviet Union was a major event in world history. It happened in 1991, after a period of economic and political stagnation.

The Soviet Union was a communist country that was ruled by the Communist Party. The party controlled all aspects of life in the Soviet Union, including the economy, the media, and Education.

In the 1980s, the Soviet Union was facing a number of problems, including economic stagnation, corruption, and growing discontent among the population. In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power and introduced a number of reforms, known as glasnost and perestroika. These reforms were designed to open up the Soviet system and make it more democratic.

Gorbachev’s reforms were met with resistance from some members of the Communist Party. However, he was able to push through his reforms and they led to a number of changes in the Soviet Union.

One of the most important changes was the end of the Cold War. The Cold War was a period of tension and hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States. It lasted from the end of World War II until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The end of the Cold War led to a number of changes in the world, including the reunification of Germany and the expansion of NATO.

The end of the Cold War also led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. In 1991, the Soviet Union was dissolved and 15 new countries were formed.

The rise of new political and economic systems

The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the rise of new political and economic systems in Eastern Europe. These systems were based on Democracy and capitalism.

Democracy is a System of Government in which the people have the power to choose their leaders. Capitalism is an economic system in which businesses are owned and operated by private individuals.

The rise of democracy and capitalism in Eastern Europe was a major change in world history. It led to a more peaceful and prosperous world.

The years of stagnation and emergence of socialism are a period in history that is often misunderstood. Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers to help you understand this time period better.

What is the years of stagnation and emergence of socialism?

The years of stagnation and emergence of socialism are a period in history that began in the late 1970s and lasted until the early 1990s. During this time, many socialist countries experienced economic and political stagnation. This led to a decline in support for socialism and an increase in support for capitalism.

What were the causes of the years of stagnation and emergence of socialism?

There are a number of factors that contributed to the years of stagnation and emergence of socialism. One factor was the failure of socialist economies to keep up with the economic Growth of capitalist countries. Another factor was the rise of political and Economic Reforms in socialist countries. These reforms led to a decline in the power of the Communist Party and an increase in the power of the people.

What were the effects of the years of stagnation and emergence of socialism?

The years of stagnation and emergence of socialism had a number of effects on socialist countries. One effect was the decline of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was the largest and most powerful socialist country in the world. However, it collapsed in 1991 due to economic and political problems. Another effect was the rise of capitalism in socialist countries. Many socialist countries began to adopt capitalist economic reforms in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These reforms led to a decline in the power of the state and an increase in the power of the market.

What are the lessons learned from the years of stagnation and emergence of socialism?

There are a number of lessons that can be learned from the years of stagnation and emergence of socialism. One lesson is that socialist economies are not as efficient as capitalist economies. Another lesson is that political and economic reforms are necessary for the success of socialism. Finally, the collapse of the Soviet Union shows that socialism is not a sustainable system of government.

What is the future of socialism?

The future of socialism is uncertain. Some people believe that socialism is a failed system and that it will eventually disappear. Others believe that socialism can be reformed and that it will continue to exist in the future. Only time will tell what the future holds for socialism.

  1. The years of stagnation in the Soviet Union were characterized by:
    (A) Economic growth
    (B) Political Liberalization-2/”>Liberalization
    (C) Social unrest
    (D) Economic decline

  2. The emergence of socialism in the Soviet Union was led by:
    (A) Vladimir Lenin
    (B) Joseph Stalin
    (C) Nikita Khrushchev
    (D) Mikhail Gorbachev

  3. The main goal of socialism in the Soviet Union was to:
    (A) Create a classless Society
    (B) Promote economic Equality
    (C) Give workers control over the means of production
    (D) All of the above

  4. One of the main criticisms of socialism in the Soviet Union was that it led to:
    (A) Economic inefficiency
    (B) Political repression
    (C) Social inequality
    (D) All of the above

  5. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to:
    (A) The end of socialism in the Soviet Union
    (B) The rise of capitalism in the Soviet Union
    (C) The emergence of new independent states in the former Soviet Union
    (D) All of the above

  6. The legacy of socialism in the Soviet Union is still debated today. Some people argue that socialism was a failed experiment that led to economic stagnation and political repression. Others argue that socialism was a noble experiment that was ultimately undermined by external forces.

  7. The future of socialism in the world is uncertain. Some countries, such as China, have adopted a form of socialism that combines Elements of capitalism and socialism. Other countries, such as Venezuela, have adopted a more radical form of socialism that has led to economic collapse and political instability.

  8. The debate over socialism is likely to continue for many years to come. There is no easy answer to the question of whether socialism is a viable economic and political system.