The Split in the Congress:-For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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  • Moderates were successful to some extent.
  • Moderates failed in many aspects. Why?
    • They could not acquire any roots among common people.
    • They believed that they could persuade the rulers to change their policies. However, their achievement in this regard was meager.
    • They could not keep pace with the events. They failed to meet the demands of the new stage of the national movement.
    • The British were keen on finishing the Congress because:
      • However moderate the leaders were, they were still nationalists and propagators of anti-colonialist ideas.
      • The British felt that moderates led congress could be finished off easily because it did not have a popular base
    • In the swadeshi movement, all sections of INC united in opposing the Partition
      • However, there was much difference between the moderates and the extremists about the methods and scope of the movement
      • The extremists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and Boycott movement from Bengal to the rest of the country and to boycott every form of association with the colonial government
      • The moderates wanted to confine the boycott movement to Bengal and even there to limit it to the boycott of foreign goods
    • After the Swadeshi movement the British adopted a three pronged approach to deal with congress. Repression-conciliation-suppression.
      • The extremists were reppressed
      • The moderates were conciliated thus giving them an impression that their further demands would be met if they disassociated from the extremists. The idea was to isolate the extremists.
      • Once the moderates and extremists were separate the extremists could be suppressed through the use of state force while the moderates could later be ignored.
    • The congress session was held on December 26, 1907 at Surat, on the banks of the river Tapti.
      • The extremists wanted a guarantee that the four Calcutta resolutions will be passed.
      • They objected to the duly elected president of the year, Rash Behari Ghose.
      • There was a confrontation with hurling of chairs and shoes.
    • The government launched a massive attack on the extremists. Newspapers were suppressed. Tilak was sent to Mandalay jail for six years.
    • The extremists were not able to organize an effective alternative party or to sustain the movement.
    • After 1908 the national movement as a whole declined.
    • The moderates and the country as a whole were disappointed by the 1909 Minto-Morley reforms
      • The number of indirectly elected members of the Imperial and provincial legislative councils was increased.
      • Separate electorates for Muslims were introduced.
    • With the split of Congress Revolutionary Terrorism rose.
    • In 1904 V D Savarkar organized Abhinav Bharat as a secret Society of revolutionaries
    • In April 1908, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose threw a bomb at a carriage which they believed was occupied by Kingsford the unpopular judge at Muzzafarpur.
    • Anushilan Samity and Jugantar were two most important revolutionary groups.
    • An assessment of the split
      • The split did not prove useful to either party
      • The British played the game of divide and rule
      • To placate the moderates they announced the Morley-Minto reforms which did not satisfy the demands of the nationalists. They also annulled the partition of Bengal in 1911.

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    The split in the Congress was a major event in Indian history. It took place in 1969, when the Indian National Congress (INC) split into two factions: the Indian National Congress (Organization) (INC(O)) and the Indian National Congress (Indira) (INC(I)). The split was caused by a number of factors, including ideological differences, Personality clashes, and the growing power of the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.

    The INC(O) was led by Morarji Desai, while the INC(I) was led by Indira Gandhi. The INC(O) was more conservative and pro-business, while the INC(I) was more socialist and pro-poor. The split led to a period of political instability in India, as the two factions competed for power.

    The split in the Congress had a significant impact on Indian politics. It weakened the INC, which had been the dominant political party in India since independence. It also led to the rise of other Political Parties, such as the Janata Party. The split also contributed to the growing Regionalism in India, as Regional Parties gained power in the states.

    The split in the Congress is a complex event with a long history. It is still debated by historians today. The following are some of the subtopics that are often covered in discussions of the split:

    • The causes of the split
    • The leaders of the two factions
    • The impact of the split on Indian politics
    • The legacy of the split

    The causes of the split are complex and varied. Some of the most important factors include:

    • Ideological differences: The INC(O) was more conservative and pro-business, while the INC(I) was more socialist and pro-poor. These differences were exacerbated by the growing economic crisis in India in the 1960s.
    • Personality clashes: Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai were both strong personalities with different visions for India. Their rivalry led to a great deal of tension within the INC.
    • The growing power of the Prime Minister: Indira Gandhi was a powerful and ambitious leader. She sought to increase the power of the Prime Minister’s office, which led to conflict with other members of the INC.

    The leaders of the two factions were Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi. Desai was a conservative politician who was opposed to Indira Gandhi’s socialist policies. Gandhi was a charismatic leader who was popular with the masses. The two leaders had very different visions for India, which led to the split in the Congress.

    The impact of the split on Indian politics was significant. The INC, which had been the dominant political party in India since independence, was weakened by the split. This led to the rise of other political parties, such as the Janata Party. The split also contributed to the growing regionalism in India, as regional parties gained power in the states.

    The legacy of the split is still debated by historians today. Some argue that the split was a positive development, as it led to the rise of new political parties and the Decentralization of power in India. Others argue that the split was a negative development, as it weakened the INC and led to political instability in India.

    The split in the Congress is a complex event with a long history. It is still debated by historians today. The causes of the split are complex and varied, and the impact of the split on Indian politics was significant. The legacy of the split is still debated.

    The split in the Congress was a major event in Indian history. It took place in 1969, when the party split into two factions: the Indian National Congress (Indira) and the Indian National Congress (Organization). The split was caused by a number of factors, including the personality clashes between Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai, the issue of economic policy, and the role of the party president.

    The split had a significant impact on Indian politics. It led to the decline of the Congress Party and the rise of other parties, such as the Janata Party. It also contributed to the growing regionalism in India.

    The split in the Congress is a complex topic with a long history. The following are some frequently asked questions about the split:

    1. What caused the split in the Congress?

    The split in the Congress was caused by a number of factors, including the personality clashes between Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai, the issue of economic policy, and the role of the party president.

    1. When did the split in the Congress take place?

    The split in the Congress took place in 1969.

    1. What were the two factions that emerged after the split?

    The two factions that emerged after the split were the Indian National Congress (Indira) and the Indian National Congress (Organization).

    1. What was the impact of the split on Indian politics?

    The split had a significant impact on Indian politics. It led to the decline of the Congress Party and the rise of other parties, such as the Janata Party. It also contributed to the growing regionalism in India.

    1. What is the legacy of the split in the Congress?

    The split in the Congress is a complex topic with a long history. The legacy of the split is still being debated today.

    1. The Congress split in 1969 was caused by a disagreement over:
      (A) The Leadership of the party
      (B) The party’s ideology
      (C) The party’s policies
      (D) The party’s relationship with the Soviet Union

    2. The Congress (Indira) faction was led by:
      (A) Indira Gandhi
      (B) Morarji Desai
      (C) Lal Bahadur Shastri
      (D) Jagjivan Ram

    3. The Congress (O) faction was led by:
      (A) Indira Gandhi
      (B) Morarji Desai
      (C) Lal Bahadur Shastri
      (D) Jagjivan Ram

    4. The Congress split led to the formation of:
      (A) The Janata Party
      (B) The Bharatiya Janata Party
      (C) The Communist Party of India
      (D) The Communist Party of India (Marxist)

    5. The Congress split had a significant impact on Indian politics, as it led to the decline of the Congress Party and the rise of other parties, such as the Janata Party.

    6. The Congress split was a major turning point in Indian history, as it marked the end of the dominance of the Congress Party and the beginning of a new era in Indian politics.

    7. The Congress split was a complex event with many causes, but it is ultimately clear that it was a major turning point in Indian history.

    8. The Congress split had a profound impact on the political landscape of India, and its effects are still felt today.

    9. The Congress split was a major event in Indian history, and it is important to understand its causes and consequences in order to understand the country’s political development.

    10. The Congress split was a watershed moment in Indian history, and it is essential to study it in order to understand the country’s political evolution.