The Home Rule Movement

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  • After being released in 1914, Tilak sought re-entry into Congress. Annie Besant and Gokhale supported. But finally Pherozshah Mehta won and Tilak was not admitted.
  • Tilak and Besant decided to start the home rule movement on their own.
  • In early 1915, Annie Besant (and S Subramaniya Iyer) launched a campaign through her two newspapers, New India and Commonweal, and organized public meetings and conferences to demand that India be granted self-government on the lines of the White colonies after the War. From April 1915, her tone became more peremptory and her stance more aggressive.
  • At the annual session of the Congress in December 1915 it was decided that the extremists be allowed to rejoin the Congress. The opposition from the Bombay group has been greatly weakened by the death of Pherozshah Mehta.
  • Tilak and Annie Besant set up two different home rule leagues.
  • Tilak’s league was to work in Maharashtra (excluding Bombay city), Karnataka, the central provinces and Berar and Annie Besant’s league was given the charged of the rest of India.
  • Tilak was totally secular in nature. There was no trace of religious appeal. The demand for Home Rule was made on a wholly secular basis.
    • “Home rule is my birthright, and I will have it”
  • The British were aliens not because they belonged to another religion but because they did not act in the Indian interest
  • Tilak’s league was organized into six branches, one each in Central Maharashtrra, Bombay city, Karnataka, and Central Provinces, and two in Berar.
  • On 23rd July 1916, on Tilak’s sixtieth birthday the government sent a notice asking him to show cause why he should not be bound over for good behavior for a period of one year and demanding securities of Rs 60000
  • Tilak was defended by a team of lawyers led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah. He won. Tilak used the opportunity to further the Home Rule movement.
  • In Besant’s league, the main thrust of activity was directed towards building up an agitation around the demand for Home Rule. This was to be achieved by promoting political Education and discussion.
  • Lucknow Pact: 1916 in the Congress Session at Lucknow. Also known as Congress League Pact. Extremists were accepted back in congress. An agreement was reached between Muslim League and Congress.
  • The turning point in the movement came with the arrest of Annie Besant in June 1917
  • There was wide agitation and many leaders joined the league.
  • The government agreed to grant self rule but the timing for such a change was to be decided by the government alone.
  • After the great advance in 1917, the movement gradually dissolved.
    • The moderates were pacified by the government’s assurance of reforms after Besant’s release.
    • The publication of scheme of government reforms in July 1918 further created divisions. Many rejected it while others were for giving it a trial.
    • Later, Tilak went to England to fight a case. With Besant unable to give a firm lead, and Tilak away in England, the movement was left leaderless.
  • Achievements of the movement
    • The achievement of the Home Rule movement was that it created a generation of ardent nationalists who formed the backbone of the national movement in the coming years.
    • The Home rule leagues also created organizational links between town and country which were to prove invaluable in later years.
    • By popularizing the idea of self-government, it generated a widespread pro-nationalist Atmosphere in the country.
    • The movement set the right mood for the entry of Mahatma Gandhi and take the Leadership.

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    The Home Rule Movement was a political movement in Ireland that sought to establish a self-governing Irish state within the United Kingdom. The movement began in the late 19th century and culminated in the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922.

    The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) was the main political party in Ireland that supported Home Rule. The IPP was founded in 1870 by Isaac Butt, and it was led by Charles Stewart Parnell from 1880 to 1891. The IPP was a moderate party that sought to achieve Home Rule through constitutional means.

    The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) was the main political party in Ulster that opposed Home Rule. The UUP was founded in 1886 by Edward Carson, and it was led by Carson from 1886 to 1921. The UUP was a conservative party that opposed Home Rule because it feared that it would lead to the end of Ulster’s union with Great Britain.

    The Gaelic League was a cultural organization that was founded in 1893 by Douglas Hyde. The Gaelic League promoted the use of the Irish language and Irish culture. The Gaelic League played a significant role in the revival of Irish nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

    The Irish Volunteers was a paramilitary organization that was founded in 1913 by John Redmond. The Irish Volunteers were formed to defend Ireland against a possible invasion by the British government. The Irish Volunteers played a significant role in the Easter Rising of 1916.

    The Easter Rising was a rebellion that was launched by Irish nationalists in Dublin on Easter Monday, 1916. The Rising was led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, and it was intended to overthrow British rule in Ireland. The Rising was unsuccessful, and its leaders were executed by the British government. However, the Rising had a significant impact on Irish public opinion, and it helped to pave the way for the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922.

    The Anglo-Irish Treaty was a treaty that was signed between the British government and the Irish delegation on December 6, 1921. The treaty established the Irish Free State, which was a self-governing dominion within the British Commonwealth. The treaty also granted Northern Ireland the right to opt out of the Irish Free State. The treaty was controversial, and it led to the Irish Civil War.

    The Irish Civil War was a civil war that was fought in Ireland from June 1922 to May 1923. The war was fought between the pro-Treaty forces of the Irish Free State and the anti-Treaty forces of the Irish Republican Army. The war ended with the victory of the pro-Treaty forces, and the establishment of the Irish Free State as a fully independent state.

    The Irish Free State was a self-governing dominion within the British Commonwealth that was established in 1922. The Irish Free State was granted independence from the United Kingdom by the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. The Irish Free State was a unitary state, and its capital was Dublin. The Irish Free State was a member of the League of Nations, and it had its own currency, the Irish pound.

    The Republic of Ireland was established in 1949 when the Irish Free State left the British Commonwealth and became a republic. The Republic of Ireland is a unitary state, and its capital is Dublin. The Republic of Ireland is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, and the Council of Europe.

    The Home Rule Movement was a political movement that sought to establish self-government for Ireland within the United Kingdom. The movement began in the late 19th century and gained momentum in the early 20th century. The Home Rule Bill was passed by the British Parliament in 1912, but it was vetoed by the House of Lords. The Home Rule Crisis of 1914 led to the outbreak of the First World War. After the war, the Home Rule Act was passed and Ireland was granted self-government.

    Here are some frequently asked questions about the Home Rule Movement:

    1. What was the Home Rule Movement?
      The Home Rule Movement was a political movement that sought to establish self-government for Ireland within the United Kingdom.

    2. When did the Home Rule Movement begin?
      The Home Rule Movement began in the late 19th century.

    3. Who were the leaders of the Home Rule Movement?
      The leaders of the Home Rule Movement included Charles Stewart Parnell, John Redmond, and Arthur Griffith.

    4. What were the goals of the Home Rule Movement?
      The goals of the Home Rule Movement were to establish self-government for Ireland within the United Kingdom.

    5. What were the methods used by the Home Rule Movement?
      The Home Rule Movement used a variety of methods, including political agitation, lobbying, and civil disobedience.

    6. What was the impact of the Home Rule Movement?
      The Home Rule Movement had a significant impact on Irish history. It led to the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922.

    7. What were the criticisms of the Home Rule Movement?
      The Home Rule Movement was criticized by some for being too moderate and by others for being too radical.

    8. What were the legacy of the Home Rule Movement?
      The legacy of the Home Rule Movement is still debated today. Some see it as a positive step towards Irish independence, while others see it as a missed opportunity for a united Ireland.

    The Home Rule Movement was a political movement in India that began in the early 20th century. The movement was led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant, and it called for greater self-government for India under British rule. The movement was successful in achieving some of its goals, including the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885.

    The following are some MCQs about the Home Rule Movement:

    1. Who was the leader of the Home Rule Movement?
      (A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
      (B) Annie Besant
      (C) Mahatma Gandhi
      (D) Jawaharlal Nehru

    2. What was the goal of the Home Rule Movement?
      (A) To achieve independence for India
      (B) To achieve greater self-government for India under British rule
      (C) To improve the lives of the Indian people
      (D) To end British rule in India

    3. When did the Home Rule Movement begin?
      (A) 1885
      (B) 1905
      (C) 1914
      (D) 1947

    4. What was the Indian National Congress?
      (A) A political party that was founded in 1885
      (B) A group of Indian nationalists who were opposed to British rule
      (C) A group of Indian nationalists who were opposed to the Home Rule Movement
      (D) A group of Indian nationalists who were opposed to Mahatma Gandhi

    5. What was the impact of the Home Rule Movement?
      (A) It was successful in achieving some of its goals, including the establishment of the Indian National Congress.
      (B) It was unsuccessful in achieving any of its goals.
      (C) It led to the independence of India in 1947.
      (D) It led to the partition of India in 1947.