Test 1 :-Indian Constitution, Political System &Governance

[<–2/”>a >WATU 12]

The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India. It was adopted on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The Constitution establishes the basic structure of the Indian government, and defines the rights and duties of its citizens.

The Preamble to the Constitution states that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It also states that the Constitution is meant to secure Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for all citizens.

The Fundamental Rights are the basic rights that are guaranteed to all citizens of India. These rights include the right to equality, the right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.

The Fundamental Duties are the obligations that are imposed on all citizens of India. These duties include the duty to respect the Constitution, the duty to uphold the Sovereignty and Integrity of India, the duty to defend the country, the duty to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India, the duty to preserve and protect the Environment, and the duty to develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

The Directive Principles of State Policy are the principles that the State should follow in making laws and policies. These principles include the promotion of justice, social, economic and political, the securing of all citizens adequate means of livelihood, the promotion of educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, the protection of the environment and forests, and the promotion of international peace and security.

The Union Government is the central government of India. It is composed of the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers, and the various departments and ministries.

The State Government is the government of a state in India. It is composed of the Governor, the Chief Minister, the Council of Ministers, and the various departments and ministries.

The Judiciary is the system of courts in India. It is headed by The Supreme Court, and includes the High Courts and the Subordinate Courts.

Local Self-Government is the System of Government at the local level in India. It is composed of the Panchayati Raj institutions and the Municipal Corporations.

The Election Commission is an independent body that is responsible for conducting Elections in India.

The Public Service Commission is an independent body that is responsible for recruiting and appointing civil servants in India.

The Ombudsman is an independent body that is responsible for investigating complaints against government officials.

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are the socially and educationally backward classes of India. They are given special privileges and reservations in Education and EMPLOYMENT.

Minorities are the religious and linguistic minorities of India. They are given special protection under the Constitution.

Women are given special protection under the Constitution. They are also given special privileges in education and employment.

Children are given special protection under the Constitution. They are also given special rights and privileges.

Labour is given special protection under the Constitution. They are also given special rights and privileges.

Economic and Social Planning is the process of planning the economic and social development of India. It is done by the Planning Commission.

Defence is the responsibility of the Union Government. The Indian Armed Forces are responsible for defending India from external threats.

Foreign Affairs is the responsibility of the Union Government. The Ministry of External Affairs is responsible for conducting India’s foreign relations.

Relations with States is the responsibility of the Union Government. The Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for maintaining relations between the Union Government and the state governments.

Emergency Provisions are the special powers that are given to the Union Government in times of emergency. These powers are used to deal with threats to the security of India or to the unity and integrity of the country.

Amendment of the Constitution is the process of changing the Constitution. It can be done by the Parliament, with the approval of the majority of the members of both Houses.

The Indian Constitution is a living document that has been amended several times since it was adopted. The amendments have been made to reflect the changing needs of the country and to address the challenges that India has faced. The Constitution is a symbol of India’s unity and Democracy, and it is the supreme law of the land.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the Indian Constitution, Political System & Governance:

What is the Indian Constitution?
The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India. It was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The Constitution establishes the basic structure of the Indian government and defines the rights and duties of its citizens.
What is the political system of India?
India is a parliamentary democracy. The President is the head of state, but the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament and the legislative assemblies of the states. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and must have the support of a majority of members in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.
What are the three branches of government in India?
The three branches of government in India are the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. The legislative branch is made up of the Parliament, which consists of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court.
What are the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution?
The fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution are the right to equality, the right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.
What are the duties of citizens of India?
The duties of citizens of India are to abide by the Constitution and the laws of the country, to respect the National Flag and the National Anthem, to defend the country, to protect public property, to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people of India, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women, and to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
What are the powers and functions of the President of India?
The President of India is the head of state of India. The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament and the legislative assemblies of the states. The President has the power to appoint the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, to dissolve the Lok Sabha, to give assent to bills passed by Parliament, to declare war, to make treaties, and to appoint the Chief Justice of India and other judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
What are the Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister of India?
The Prime Minister of India is the head of government of India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and must have the support of a majority of members in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament. The Prime Minister is responsible for the day-to-day running of the government and for the implementation of the policies of the government.
What are the powers and functions of the Parliament of India?
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of India. It consists of the President and two houses, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament, while the Rajya Sabha is the upper house. The Parliament has the power to make laws, to approve the budget, to declare war, and to ratify treaties.
What are the powers and functions of the Supreme Court of India?
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in India. It has original jurisdiction in cases involving disputes between the states, between the Centre and a state, and between two or more states. The Supreme Court also has Appellate Jurisdiction in cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution.
What are the challenges facing the Indian government?
The Indian government faces a number of challenges, including POVERTY, illiteracy, Corruption, and terrorism. The government is also struggling to provide basic Services to its citizens, such as education, healthcare, and sanitation.

test 1: Indian Constitution, Political System & Governance

The Indian Constitution was adopted on:
(a) 26 November 1949
(b) 26 January 1950
(c) 15 August 1947
(d) 12 March 1948
The President of India is elected by:
(a) The members of the Lok Sabha
(b) The members of the Rajya Sabha
(c) The members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
(d) The members of the Electoral College
The Prime Minister of India is appointed by:
(a) The President of India
(b) The Vice President of India
(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) The Chief Justice of India
The Parliament of India consists of:
(a) The President and the Lok Sabha
(b) The President and the Rajya Sabha
(c) The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
(d) The President, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country. It has:
(a) One Chief Justice and 25 judges
(b) One Chief Justice and 30 judges
(c) One Chief Justice and 35 judges
(d) One Chief Justice and 40 judges
The Indian Constitution guarantees certain fundamental rights to all citizens. These rights include:
(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right against exploitation
(d) All of the above
The Indian Constitution also provides for certain directive principles of state policy. These principles are:
(a) To secure justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all citizens
(b) To promote the welfare of the people
(c) To secure economic and social justice for all citizens
(d) All of the above
The Indian Constitution is a Written Constitution. This means that:
(a) It is a document that sets out the basic laws and principles of the country
(b) It is a document that can be amended by the Parliament
(c) It is a document that is supreme over all other laws in the country
(d) All of the above
The Indian Constitution is a federal constitution. This means that:
(a) The power is divided between the central government and the state governments
(b) The central government has more power than the state governments
(c) The state governments have more power than the central government
(d) The central government and the state governments have equal power
The Indian Constitution is a secular constitution. This means that:
(a) The state does not have any religion
(b) The state does not interfere in religious matters
(c) All religions are equal before the law
(d) All of the above

Answers