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Telangana People’s Armed Struggle
Ittehadul Muslimeen and razakars
The party has roots back to the days of the princely State of Hyderabad. It was founded and shaped by Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan Qiledar of Hyderabad State with the "advice" of Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, the Nizam of Hyderabad and in the presence of Ulma-e-Mashaeqeen in 1927 as a pro-Nizam party. Then it was only Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) and the first meeting was held in the house of Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan on November 12, 1927. The MIM advocated the set up of a "Muslim dominion" rather than integration with India. In 1938, Bahadur Yar Jung was elected "president" of the MIM which had a "cultural" and religious manifesto. It soon acquired political complexion and, alongside the Muslim League, were collaborators of British-occupied India forces. After the death of Bahadur Yar Jang in 1944, Qasim Rizvi was elected as the leader.
The Razakars, led by Kasim Razvi, were a Islamist , paramilitary organization of self-styled "volunteers" formed, ostensibly, to "resist merger" with India. The Razakars operated as "storm troopers" for the MIM. The 150,000 Razakar "soldiers", supposedly "mobilized" to "fight against the Indian Union" for the "independence" of Hyderabad State, were in reality responsible for large-scale pogroms against the state's Hindu majority of unarmed and poor peasants. After the Indian annexation of Hyderabad State, the MIM was banned in 1948. Qasim Rizvi was jailed from 1948 to 1957, and was released on the condition that he would go to Pakistan where he was granted an asylum. Before leaving, Qasim Rizvi handed over the responsibility of whatever remained of the Ittehadul Muslimeen, to Abdul Wahid Owaisi, a lawyer. Abdul Wahed Owaisi restructured the Party and Organised it into All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen. After Abdul Wahed Owaisi, his son Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi took control of AIMIM in 1975 and was referred to as Salar E Millat (commander of the community).
In 1960, AIMIM won the Mallepally ward of Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. In 1962, Salahuddin won from Patharghatti assembly seat as an Independent candidate and later from Charminar constituency in 1967. In 1972, he won from Yakutpura and later in 1978, again from Charminar.
In 1984 AIMIM emerged victorious in the Hyderabad Lok Sabha Seat and Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi represented Hyderabad till 2004. Since then, Salahuddin's elder son Asaduddin Owaisi represents the seat of Hyderabad. Mohammad Majid Hussain of the AIMIM was unanimously elected as the Mayor of Greater Hyderabad on January 2, 2012. AIMIM was once reduced to one Assembly seat in Andhra Pradesh in 1994. On 12 November 2012, Asaduddin Owaisi announced the withdrawal of support to the UPA government citing communal policies of the current congress led government. All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen was then supporting Congress, both at Centre and at state level in Andhra Pradesh.
End of Nizam’s Rule
Nizam was the title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad State, India, since 1719. They belonged to the Asaf Jah dynasty. The dynasty was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi, a viceroy of the Deccan under the Mughal emperors from 1713 to 1721. After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the Mughal Empire fell apart and the viceroy in Hyderabad said he was independent. From 1798 Hyderabad was one of the princely states of British India, but it kept local control. Seven Nizams ruled Hyderabad for two centuries until Indian independence in 1947. The Asaf Jahi rulers used Money to support free Education, literature, architecture, art, culture and cuisine. The Nizams ruled the state until September 1948 after independence from the British.
After the British left India in 1947, the princely state of Hyderabad did not join either of the new dominions of India or Pakistan. But later he decided to merge with pakistan. Sardar Patel sent representations to the Nizam to join India as Hyderabad's majority citizens wanted to join India, but the Nizam refused. The Indian army entered Hyderabad from four sides defeated Hyderabad Nizams army and the independent razakaars. The Nizam's rule ended on 17 September 1948. His soldiers surrendered to Indian govt. All Nizams are buried in the royal graves at the Makkah Masjid near Charminar in Hyderabad. Only the last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan is buried in a different place. His mausoleum is in the Judi Mosque facing King Kothi Palace.
Integration of Hyderabad State in Indian Union
Hyderabad similar to Kashmir and Junagadh posed complexity in accession to the Indian Union after Independence. The seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, was perpetual in its stance to neither accede to India or Pakistan. Hyderabad having its own army, railway, airline Network, postal system and radio network only fostered his thought of having an independent autonomous state. On the Day of Independence, i.e. 15th August, 1947, the Nizam declared Hyderabad an Independent Nation.
Hyderabad had a majority Hindu Population with the minority Muslims controlling the administrative and political affairs of the state. The military of Hyderabad was some 24000 strong. Besides, Hyderabad also had ‘Razakars’, some 200000 strong paramilitary force recruited from among the Muslim aristocrats and controlled by the civilian leader Qasim Razvi.
Negotiations between the then Home Minister of India Sardar Patel and the Nizam resulted in no solution. Nizam tried unsuccessfully to get the British to intervene, he even lodged a complaint with the UN but to no avail. (It was withdrawn by the Nizam after Hyderabad’s accession to India, but was kept alive by UN for another 50 years.). After unsuccessful negotiations, Nehru agreed to a ‘standstill agreement’. Status quo was maintained with the Hyderabad state giving the guarantee that it would not accede to Pakistan and the Indian Union giving the guarantee to not use military force against the state for one year.
The eventualities of the next 13 months would pave the way for the ensuing military action of the Indian government to annex Hyderabad into Indian Union. There were reports from the ground that the Nizam’s irregular force ‘The Razakars’ were committing atrocities on the innocent civilians. There were retaliatory measures which resulted in the state and the neighbouring villages in the Indian territory boiling up in communal flames. At this juncture of time, Nehru and Patel decided to intervene and send in military forces to Merge Hyderabad into the Indian Union.
Operation Polo
Operation Polo referred to as ‘Police Action’ was the 5-day long military action that the Indian Union took against the state of Hyderabad. The battle between India and Hyderabad began on 13th September 1948 and ended on 18th September 1948. The Indian forces heavily outnumbered the Nizam’s forces. After the 5th day, the Nizam’s army surrendered to the Indian Army and Hyderabad became a part of the Union of India.
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The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was an armed conflict that took place in the Indian state of Telangana from 1946 to 1951. The struggle was led by the Communist Party of India (CPI) and was aimed at achieving statehood for Telangana. The struggle was ultimately unsuccessful, but it played a significant role in the eventual formation of the Telangana state in 1956.
The following are some of the subtopics related to the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle:
- Background: The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was rooted in the economic and social conditions of Telangana in the early 20th century. The region was predominantly rural and agricultural, and the vast majority of the population was poor and landless. The Nizam of Hyderabad, who ruled the region as a princely state, was an authoritarian ruler who imposed heavy taxes on the peasantry.
- Causes: The immediate causes of the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle were the Nizam’s refusal to grant democratic rights to the people of Telangana and his suppression of the peasantry. The Nizam’s government was also accused of Corruption and Nepotism.
- Course of the struggle: The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle began in 1946 and lasted for five years. The struggle was initially led by the Communist Party of India (CPI), but it later gained the support of other Political Parties and social groups. The struggle was marked by guerrilla warfare, sabotage, and mass protests.
- Outcome: The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was ultimately unsuccessful, but it played a significant role in the eventual formation of the Telangana state in 1956. The struggle also helped to raise the consciousness of the people of Telangana and to bring about social and economic change in the region.
- Legacy: The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle is a significant event in the history of India. The struggle helped to bring about social and economic change in Telangana and to raise the consciousness of the people of the region. The struggle also played a role in the eventual formation of the Telangana state in 1956.
Background
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was rooted in the economic and social conditions of Telangana in the early 20th century. The region was predominantly rural and agricultural, and the vast majority of the population was poor and landless. The Nizam of Hyderabad, who ruled the region as a princely state, was an authoritarian ruler who imposed heavy taxes on the peasantry.
The Nizam’s government was also accused of corruption and nepotism. The Nizam’s army, the Razakars, was used to suppress any dissent against the Nizam’s rule. The Razakars were known for their brutality and violence.
Causes
The immediate causes of the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle were the Nizam’s refusal to grant democratic rights to the people of Telangana and his suppression of the peasantry. The Nizam’s government was also accused of corruption and nepotism.
The Nizam’s refusal to grant democratic rights to the people of Telangana was a major cause of the struggle. The Nizam’s government was autocratic and did not allow any opposition. The people of Telangana were denied the right to vote, the right to form political parties, and the right to freedom of speech.
The Nizam’s government also suppressed the peasantry. The Nizam’s army, the Razakars, was used to collect taxes from the peasants. The Razakars were also known for their brutality and violence.
Course of the struggle
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle began in 1946 and lasted for five years. The struggle was initially led by the Communist Party of India (CPI), but it later gained the support of other political parties and social groups. The struggle was marked by guerrilla warfare, sabotage, and mass protests.
The CPI was the first political party to organize the peasants of Telangana against the Nizam’s rule. The CPI formed peasant unions and led protests against the Nizam’s government. The CPI also organized guerrilla warfare against the Nizam’s army.
The struggle gained the support of other political parties and social groups, such as the Congress Party and the Socialist Party. The struggle also gained the support of the people of Telangana. The people of Telangana were tired of the Nizam’s rule and wanted to overthrow him.
The struggle was finally suppressed by the Indian Army in 1951. The Indian Army was sent to Telangana by the Indian government to suppress the struggle. The Indian Army used its superior firepower to suppress the struggle.
Outcome
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was ultimately unsuccessful, but it played a significant role in the eventual formation of the Telangana state in 1956. The struggle also helped to raise the consciousness of the people
What is the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle?
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was an armed conflict that took place in the Indian state of Telangana from 1946 to 1951. The struggle was led by the Communist Party of India (CPI) and was aimed at achieving statehood for Telangana. The struggle was ultimately unsuccessful, but it played a significant role in the eventual formation of the state of Telangana in 2014.
What were the causes of the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle?
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was caused by a number of factors, including economic exploitation, social oppression, and political discrimination. The Telangana region was one of the poorest regions in India, and the people of Telangana were subjected to high levels of Taxation and debt. The people of Telangana were also oppressed by the upper castes, and they had very little political representation.
What were the goals of the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle?
The goals of the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle were to achieve statehood for Telangana, to improve the economic conditions of the people of Telangana, and to end social oppression and political discrimination.
What were the methods used in the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle?
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was a guerrilla war. The CPI used a combination of armed struggle, mass mobilization, and political agitation to achieve its goals. The CPI formed a People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to carry out the armed struggle. The PLA was made up of peasants, workers, and students. The CPI also organized mass protests and strikes to demand statehood for Telangana.
What were the results of the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle?
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle was ultimately unsuccessful in achieving its goals. However, it played a significant role in the eventual formation of the state of Telangana in 2014. The struggle also helped to raise awareness of the problems faced by the people of Telangana and to bring about some positive changes in their lives.
What are the lessons learned from the Telangana People’s Armed Struggle?
The Telangana People’s Armed Struggle is a complex and controversial topic. There are many different interpretations of the struggle and its legacy. However, there are some lessons that can be learned from the struggle. One lesson is that armed struggle is a difficult and often unsuccessful way to achieve political goals. Another lesson is that mass mobilization and political agitation can be effective tools for achieving social and economic change. Finally, the struggle shows that the people of Telangana are resilient and determined to fight for their rights.
The following are MCQs without mentioning the topic Telangana People Arm Struggle:
Which of the following is not a state in India?
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Telangana
(C) Karnataka
(D) KeralaThe capital of Telangana is:
(A) Hyderabad
(B) Vijayawada
(C) Amaravati
(D) KurnoolThe Official Language of Telangana is:
(A) Telugu
(B) Hindi
(C) English
(D) UrduThe Population of Telangana is:
(A) 35 million
(B) 40 million
(C) 45 million
(D) 50 millionThe Literacy rate of Telangana is:
(A) 65%
(B) 70%
(C) 75%
(D) 80%The main occupation of people in Telangana is:
(A) agriculture
(B) Industry
(C) Service
(D) BusinessThe main crops grown in Telangana are:
(A) Rice
(B) Cotton
(C) Tobacco
(D) JuteThe main industries in Telangana are:
(A) Textiles
(B) Electronics
(C) Pharmaceuticals
(D) AutomobilesThe main tourist attractions in Telangana are:
(A) Golconda Fort
(B) Charminar
(C) Qutb Shahi Tombs
(D) All of the aboveThe Famous Personalities from Telangana are:
(A) Alluri Sitarama Raju
(B) Komaram Bheem
(C) P. V. Narasimha Rao
(D) All of the above
The answers are:
1. (D)
2. (A)
3. (A)
4. (C)
5. (C)
6. (A)
7. (A) and (B)
8. (A) and (C)
9. (D)
10. (D)