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Tamil Nadu has a well established transportation system that connects all parts of the state. This is partly responsible for the Investment in the state. Though the present transportation system is substantial, it needs to be developed further to keep pace with the rapid increase in use.
The whole transportation system of Tamilnadu can be divided into 4 ways:
- Roadways
- Railways
- Airways
- Waterways
Roadways in Tamilnadu
Tamil Nadu has an extensive road Network. The state road network covers about 153 km per 100 km2 area, which is higher than the country’s Average road network coverage of 103 km per 100 km2 area. A separate Highways Department (HD) was established in April 1946 and the same has been renamed as Highways & Minor Ports Department (HMPD) on 30 October 2008. HMPD of Tamil Nadu is primarily responsible for construction and maintenance of roads including national highways, state highways and major district roads in Tamil Nadu. It operates through 7 wings namely National Highways Wing, Construction & Maintenance Wing, NABARD and Rural Roads Wing, Projects Wing, Metro Wing, Tamil Nadu Road sector Project Wing, Investigation and Designs Wing geographically spread across the state in 31 districts with about 120 divisions and 450 subdivisions.
Roads in Tamilnadu are broadly divided into three categories:
A.National Highways
Road stretches which have heavy traffic intensity of more than 30,000 Passenger Car Units (PCUs) connecting different state capitals, major ports, large industrial areas and tourist centers are designated National Highway by Government of India. In Tamil Nadu, National Highways Wing of Highways & Minor Ports Department was established in the year 1971 to look after the works of improving, maintaining and renewing of National Highways laid down by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). National Highways wing exercises central government funds from Ministry of Road Transport and Highways for improvement works. Out of 25 National Highways in Tamil Nadu, 12 highways completely lie within the state.
B. State highways
Road stretches with heavy traffic intensity of more than 10,000 PCUs but less than 30,000 PCUs which connects district headquarters, important towns and the National Highways in the State and neighboring States are declared as State Highways. Construction & Maintenance wing of Highways Department looks after Construction, Maintenance of all the State Highways (SH), Major District Roads (MDR), Other District Roads (ODR). Tamil Nadu State Highways network has 7 circles .
- Districts roads : Major District Roads provide linkage between production and Marketing centers within a district. It also provides connectivity fordistrict and taluk headquarters with state highways and national highways. Construction and Maintenance wing of Highways Department executes construction and maintenance of MDRs along with State Highways. These roads have a minimum width of 15 metres (49 ft).
- Railways network in Taminadu
Tamil Nadu has a good rail network as part of Southern Railway. Headquartered at Chennai, the Southern Railway network extends over a large area of India’s Southern Peninsula, covering the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, a small portions of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 5,952 km (3,698 mi) and there are 532 railway stations in the state. The system connects it with most major cities in India. Main rail junctions in the state include Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore Erode, Tiruchirapalli and Salem.
Chennai, India’s fourth-largest urban agglomeration, has a well-established suburban railway network, which dates back to 1931, when Services began on the metre-gauge line from Beach to Tambaram. The Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) is an elevated line of the urban mass transit system (metro-like cityrail) in Chennai (Madras), India. The line currently runs within city from Chennai Beach (Madras Beach) to Velachery, covering a distance of 25 km with 21 stations. Despite of full technical and logical separation from the Chennai Suburban Railway, the MRTS is operated by the state-owned Southern Railway (SR), a zone of Indian Railways.
Chennai Metro
The Chennai Metro is a rapid transit rail system in the Tamil Nadu capital city of Chennai. The Phase I of the project consisting of two corridors is under construction. The elevated section of the project was scheduled to be operational by 2011 and the entire project was scheduled to be completed by the year 2014-2015. About 55% of the corridors in Phase I is underground and the remaining elevated. The project is estimated to cost around 14,600 crore (US$3.17 billion) for the two corridors totaling 45 km.
3.Airways : Tamil Nadu has a major international airport Chennai International Airport, which is the fourth busiest airport by passenger traffic and is the third largest cargo hub in India. Other international Airports present in the state are Coimbatore International Airport and Tiruchirapalli International Airport. Madurai Airport is a customs airport with limited international flights. Salem Airport and Tuticorin Airport are domestic airports.Increased industrial activity has given rise to an increase in passenger traffic as well as freight movement which has been growing at over 18 per cent per year.
Chennai international airport
- Waterways: Tamil Nadu has three major seaports at Chennai, Ennore, Thoothukudi and Nagapattinam. There are 11 other ports. Chennai Port is an artificial harbor situated on the Coromandel coast and is India’s second busiest container hub, handling general industrial cargo, automobiles, etc. Ennore Port handles all the coal and Ore traffic in Tamil Nadu.
National Waterway-4 project launched in Tamil Nadu,2014
The Union Government has launched the project for the development of the stretch of 37 Kilometer of the National Waterway-four (NW-4) between Sholinganallur to Kalpakkam in South Buckingham Canal in Tamil Nadu. The project was launched on 24 January 2014.
NW-4 covers a total length of 1078 Km consisting of Kakinada-Puducherry canal systems integrated with Godavari and Krishna Rivers.
Main components of the project include dredging and excavation to develop navigational channel, construction of three terminals and navigational locks, replacement of one existing bridge at Kelambakkam, and installation of navigational aids. The project is expected to be completed in two years with 123 crore rupees.
The project will ease out the transportation problems in Chennai suburbs to a great extent besides promoting tourist movement to important tourist spots at Mahabalipuram and Puducherry.
Other stretches of the National Waterway-4, which covers the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, would also be taken up for development subsequently.
The National Waterways Act, 2016: In this several waterways in Tamilnadu are also poposed .some of the important proposed waterways are as follows :
NW13 AVM Canal Kerala and Tamil Nadu
NW20 Bhavani River Tamil Nadu
NW55 Kaveri Kollidam River Tamil Nadu
NW69 Manimutharu River Tamil Nadu
NW75 Palar River Tamil Nadu
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Tamil Nadu is a state in southern India with a Population of over 72 million people. It is the sixth-most populous state in India and the third-most populous state in the southern region. The capital of Tamil Nadu is Chennai, which is also the fourth-most populous city in India.
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed transport system, which includes airports, buses, trains, taxis, and water transport. The state has two international airports, Chennai International Airport and Madurai Airport. Chennai International Airport is the busiest airport in the state and the fourth-busiest airport in India. Madurai Airport is the second-busiest airport in the state and the 18th-busiest airport in India.
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed bus network, which is operated by the State Government. The bus network covers all parts of the state and connects major cities and towns. The state government also operates a metro rail system in Chennai. The Chennai Metro is the first metro rail system in the state and the fourth-busiest metro rail system in India.
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed railway network, which is operated by the Indian Railways. The railway network covers all parts of the state and connects major cities and towns. The state government also operates a ferry service in the state. The ferry service connects major cities and towns on the coast of the state.
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed road network, which is maintained by the state government. The road network covers all parts of the state and connects major cities and towns. The state government also operates a taxi service in the state. The taxi service is available in all major cities and towns in the state.
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed water transport system, which is operated by the state government. The water transport system connects major cities and towns on the coast of the state. The state government also operates a ferry service in the state. The ferry service connects major cities and towns on the coast of the state.
The transport system in Tamil Nadu is well-developed and efficient. The state government has invested heavily in the transport sector and has made it a priority to improve the Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE. The transport system in Tamil Nadu has helped to improve the connectivity between different parts of the state and has also helped to boost the economy.
Here are some additional details about the transport system in Tamil Nadu:
- Airports: There are two international airports in Tamil Nadu, Chennai International Airport and Madurai Airport. Chennai International Airport is the busiest airport in the state and the fourth-busiest airport in India. Madurai Airport is the second-busiest airport in the state and the 18th-busiest airport in India.
- Buses: The state government operates a well-developed bus network, which covers all parts of the state and connects major cities and towns.
- Trains: The Indian Railways operates a well-developed railway network, which covers all parts of the state and connects major cities and towns.
- Roads: The state government maintains a well-developed road network, which covers all parts of the state and connects major cities and towns.
- Taxis: The state government operates a taxi service in all major cities and towns in the state.
- Water transport: The state government operates a well-developed water transport system, which connects major cities and towns on the coast of the state.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about transport:
- What are the different types of transport?
There are many different types of transport, including road, rail, air, sea, and pipeline transport.
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of transport?
The advantages and disadvantages of each type of transport vary depending on the specific type of transport and the specific needs of the user. For example, road transport is often seen as being more convenient than other types of transport, but it can also be more expensive and more polluting.
- What are the main challenges facing the transport sector?
The main challenges facing the transport sector include congestion, pollution, and Climate change.
- What are some of the solutions to these challenges?
Some of the solutions to the challenges facing the transport sector include investing in public transport, improving fuel efficiency, and developing alternative fuels.
- What is the future of transport?
The future of transport is likely to be shaped by a number of factors, including technological advances, Climate Change, and Urbanization.
- What are some of the emerging trends in transport?
Some of the emerging trends in transport include the rise of autonomous vehicles, the Growth of E-Commerce, and the increasing popularity of shared mobility services.
- What are the implications of these trends for the transport sector?
The implications of these trends for the transport sector are far-reaching and will need to be carefully considered in order to ensure that the sector can continue to meet the needs of Society.
Sure, here are some MCQs about transport in Tamil Nadu:
Which of the following is not a mode of transport in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Road
(B) Rail
(C) Air
(D) WaterWhich of the following is the largest airport in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Chennai International Airport
(B) Coimbatore International Airport
(C) Madurai Airport
(D) Tiruchirapalli AirportWhich of the following is the busiest railway station in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Chennai Central Railway Station
(B) Madurai Junction Railway Station
(C) Coimbatore Junction Railway Station
(D) Tiruchirapalli Junction Railway StationWhich of the following is the longest national highway in Tamil Nadu?
(A) National Highway 44
(B) National Highway 47
(C) National Highway 75
(D) National Highway 79Which of the following is the largest bus transport corporation in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Metropolitan Transport Corporation
(B) Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation
(C) Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
(D) Karnataka State Road Transport CorporationWhich of the following is the largest private bus transport company in Tamil Nadu?
(A) SETC
(B) KPN Travels
(C) Kallada Tours and Travels
(D) Greenways TravelsWhich of the following is the largest water transport company in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Shipping Corporation of India
(B) Indian National Shipowners’ Association
(C) The Associated Shipowners of India
(D) Chennai Port TrustWhich of the following is the largest inland water transport company in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Inland Waterways Authority of India
(B) National Waterways Development Corporation
(C) Inland Water Transport Corporation of India
(D) Tamil Nadu Waterways Development CorporationWhich of the following is the largest metro rail system in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Chennai Metro
(B) Coimbatore Metro
(C) Madurai Metro
(D) Tiruchirapalli MetroWhich of the following is the largest monorail system in Tamil Nadu?
(A) Chennai Monorail
(B) Coimbatore Monorail
(C) Madurai Monorail
(D) Tiruchirapalli Monorail
I hope these MCQs are helpful!