11 Fundamental Duties

The Fundamental Duties are a set of obligations that are placed on all citizens of India by the Constitution of India. They were added to the Constitution in 1976, and they are intended to guide the citizens of India in their everyday lives. The Fundamental Duties are as follows: To abide by the Constitution and … Read more

Kesavananda Bharati case

The Kesavananda Bharati case was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India in 1973. The case held that the basic structure doctrine, which protects certain fundamental features of the Indian Constitution from being amended, is a part of the Constitution itself. This doctrine has been used to strike down a number of laws … Read more

Coalition Era

The Coalition Era was a period of political instability in Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies. The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), which was established by the United States to govern Iraq after the invasion, was dissolved in 2004 and power was transferred to an interim Iraqi government. … Read more