American War of Independence.

Philosophes such as Voltaire considered England’s government the most progressive in Europe. England’s ruler was no despot, not even an enlightened one. His power had been limited by law. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 had given England a INFRASTRUCTURE was destroyed, especially its railroads. The Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished leaving four million black slaves … Read more

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Redd) is a set of steps designed to use market/financial incentives in order to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from deforestation and forest degradation. Its original objective is to reduce Green House Gases but it can deliver “co-benefits” such as INFRASTRUCTURE. Water Pollution: Deforestation can lead to … Read more

CoP15 (Copenhagen Summit)

Main aim was to establish a global Climate agreement for the period from 2012 when the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol expires The conference did not achieve any binding agreement for long term action A ‘political accord’ was negotiated by approximately 25 parties Collective commitment by developed countries for new and additional Resources … Read more

Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol has put in place three flexibility mechanisms to reduce emission of Green House Gases. Although the Protocol places maximum responsibility of reducing emissions on the developed countries by committing them to specific emission targets, the three mechanisms are based on the premise that reduction of emissions in any part of the globe … Read more

World War I and Gadar movement

World War I and Indian Nationalism Increasing number of Indians from Punjab were emigrating to North America. The British government thought that these emigrants would be affected by the idea of Liberty. Hence, they tried to restrict emigration. Tarak Nath Das, an Indian student in Canada, started a paper called Free Hindustan. The Hindi Association … Read more

Green Revolution in India

Green Revolution in India A term coined to describe the emergence and diffusion of new seeds of Cereals. Norman-e-Borlaug is the Father of Green Revolution in the world, while Dr. M.S. Swami Nathan is known as the Father of Green Revolution in India. The new cereals were the product of research work and concentrated plant … Read more

World Trade Organization

Contents What is WTO? Structure? Agreeements? Rounds of WTO Doha Development Round India’s role in WTO India’s proposals to WTO Trade in Goods agriculture NAMA Rules SPS TBT Trade in Services GATS Intellectual Property (TRIPS) TRIMS Dispute settlement Development Trade and Development Aid for Trade Special & Differential Treatment Environment Trade and Environment Trade facilitation … Read more

The Pillars of Good Governance: A Foundation for Sustainable Development

The Pillars of Good Governance: A Foundation for Sustainable Development Introduction: The concept of good governance has gained significant traction in recent decades, becoming a cornerstone for achieving sustainable development. It encompasses the principles, processes, and institutions that ensure the effective and accountable management of a country’s resources, promoting the well-being of its citizens. This … Read more