United

Important international Institutions, agencies and fora, their structure and mandate.

An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two main types: International nongovernmental organizations(INGOs): non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that operate internationally. These include international non-profit organizations and worldwide companies such as the World Organization of the Scout Movement, International Committee of the Red Cross. Intergovernmental organizations, also known as international governmental organizations (IGOs): the type of organization most closely associated with … Read more

Cop 15 Copenhagen Summit

COP 15 Copenhagen Summit: A Turning Point in Climate Action? The 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Copenhagen, Denmark, from December 7 to 19, 2009, was a pivotal moment in global climate negotiations. It aimed to establish a new international agreement to … Read more

American War of Independence.

Philosophes such as Voltaire considered England’s government the most progressive in Europe. England’s ruler was no despot, not even an enlightened one. His power had been limited by law. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 had given England a INFRASTRUCTURE was destroyed, especially its railroads. The Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished leaving four million black slaves … Read more

Greenhouse effect

  The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s surface. When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s Atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. It is the process by which radiation from a planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface to a … Read more

Green Climate Fund

The Green Climate Fund: A Vital Tool in the Fight Against Climate Change The world is facing a climate crisis. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels are already impacting communities around the globe, and the situation is only expected to worsen without decisive action. To address this urgent challenge, international cooperation is … Read more

Federalism

Federalism Federalism, mode of political organization that unites separate states or other polities within an overarching political system in a way that allows each to maintain its own Integrity. Federal systems do this by requiring that basic policies be made and implemented through negotiation in some form, so that all the members can share in … Read more

Veto Powers of President and Governor

The Power of the Veto: Examining the Presidential and Gubernatorial Veto in the United States The veto power, a fundamental aspect of the checks and balances system in the United States, grants the President and Governors the authority to reject legislation passed by the legislative branch. This power serves as a crucial safeguard against the … Read more

National Offshore Wind Energy Policy, 2015

The National Offshore Wind Energy Policy, 2015 is a policy document that outlines the United States’ vision for the development of offshore wind energy. The policy includes the following subtopics: Goals and objectives: The policy sets forth the goals and objectives for the development of offshore wind energy in the United States. These goals include … Read more

Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion (article 25)

Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion: A Deep Dive into Article 25 of the Indian Constitution The Indian Constitution, a beacon of liberty and equality, enshrines fundamental rights that form the bedrock of a democratic society. Among these, Article 25 stands out as a cornerstone of religious freedom, guaranteeing the … Read more

Five Year Plans

The Five-Year Plans: A Legacy of Ambitious Goals and Mixed Results The concept of the Five-Year Plan, a centralized economic strategy aimed at rapid industrialization and societal transformation, emerged in the early 20th century and left an indelible mark on the global political and economic landscape. While most closely associated with the Soviet Union, the … Read more