Measurement of physical quantities and system of Units

Measurement of any physical quantity involves comparison with a certain basic, arbitrarily chosen, internationally accepted reference standard called unit. The result of a measurement of a physical quantity is expressed by a number (or numerical measure) accompanied by a unit. A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by … Read more

Decision Making Under Uncertainty

 DECISION MAKING under uncertainty The area of choice under uncertainty represents the heart of decision theory. Known from the 17th century (Blaise Pascal invoked it in his famous wager, which is contained in his Pensées, published in 1670), the idea of expected value is that, when faced with a number of actions, each of which could give rise … Read more

Decision-Making: concept, process and techniques

  DECISION MAKING is an essential part of planning. Decision making and problem solving are used in all management functions, although usually they are considered a part of the planning phase. A discussion of the origins of management science leads into one on modeling, the five-step process of management science, and the process of engineering … Read more

Zero hour

Zero Hour Zero hour is the moment in time when a military operation is scheduled to begin. It is also used more generally to refer to any critical moment or deadline. The term “zero hour” originated in the military, and it is still used in that context today. For example, the zero hour for a … Read more