Theory

Plato

Plato In Plato’s Republic we see one of the earliest attempts at a systematic theory of ethics. Plato wants to find a good definition for “Justice,” a good criterion for calling something “just.”  Maybe justice is “telling the truth and paying one’s debts.” But no, Plato says, for sometimes it is just to withhold the … Read more

Social Research And Techniques

 Social Research and Techniques -Objective of Social Research, Use of scientific method to study of Social Phenomena, tools and techniques of data collection- Observation, Interview, Questionnaire, Schedule Man by nature is inquisitive, and humans have an extraordinary capacity to exercise rational judgment and probe the realities of the world around us. Inherent in … Read more

Occupational Diversification And Social Structure

 Occupational diversification and social structure Liberalization and society The policy of liberalisation that India has been following since the late 1980s have had a very significant impact on agriculture and rural society. The policy entails participation in the World Trade Organisation (WTO), which aims to bring about a more free international trading system … Read more

2.5 Empathy (1)

 Empathy: Definition The term “empathy” is used to describe a wide range of experiences. Emotion researchers generally define empathy as the ability to sense other people’s emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling. Contemporary researchers often differentiate between two types of empathy: “Affective empathy” refers to … Read more

Evolution of Public Administration as a discipline, new public administration

  There are five stages in the chronology of the evolution of Public Administration as a discipline; these stages are theoretically driven as encapsulated below: Stage 1: politics administration dichotomy (1887-1926) Stage 2: principles of administration (1927-1937) Stage 3: era of challenge (1938-1947) Stage 4: crises of identity (1948-1970) Stage 5: public policy perspective (1971 … Read more

Public Administration and management: Meaning, nature and significance

The English word  administer‘ is derived from a combination of two Latin words and ?ministrate‘ meaning ?to serve or manage‘. Literally, the term means management the affairs of public or private. Administration refers to mobilisation of Resources – human and material- to achieve pre-set of objectives. Administration is thus an activity undertaken in pursuit of … Read more

The Working Class Movements

There were some working class movements in second half of 19th century. However, they were impulsive and not very well organized. The early nationalists had a lukewarm Attitude towards the question of workers. This war because initially Congress wanted to focus on issues which were of common concern to all the people of India. There … Read more

Reforming Bureaucracy to Strengthen Democracy

Reforming Bureaucracy to strengthen Democracy The relationship between bureaucracy and democracy is intricate and pivotal for the effective functioning of any state. While bureaucracy is essential for implementing policies and providing continuity in governance, its inefficiencies and rigidity can sometimes hinder democratic values such as transparency, accountability, and public participation. Reforming the bureaucratic system, therefore, … Read more