Notes and Study material for Exams
Volcano is a place on the earth’s surface (or any other planet) where molten rock and gases are erupted. or hill or mountain built up by the eruption of molten rock.Volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth’s surface. Basaltic magmas tend … Read more
Minerals Minerals are defined as solid, inorganic, naturally occurring substances with a definite chemical formula and general structure. Almost all chemical Elements in the Earth’s crust are associated with at least one mineral. They vary in color, hardness, density, crystal form, crystal size, transparency, composition, location, and abundance. Some minerals are radioactive (uranophane), while others … Read more
Earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the Earth. Earthquakes can be generated by bomb blasts, volcanic eruptions, sudden volume changes in … Read more
Bureau of Indian Standards , based on the past seismic history, grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone-II, -III, -IV and –V. Of these, Zone V is the most seismically active region, while zone II is the least. The Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity, which measures the impact of the Earthquakes on the surface of the … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> : Types, distribution and their impact:- Earthquake:- The study of seismic waves provides a complete picture of the layered interior. An earthquake in simple words is shaking of the earth. It is a natural event. It is caused due to release of energy, which generates waves … Read more
Earthquakes and INFRASTRUCTURE, and it can also cause landslides and liquefaction. Tsunamis, which are large waves caused by earthquakes, can also cause widespread damage. Volcanoes are formed when magma, or molten rock, rises to the surface of the Earth. Magma can rise to the surface through cracks in the Earth’s crust, or it can erupt … Read more
Most of the knowledge we have about Earth’s deep interior comes from the fact that seismic waves penetrate the Earth and are recorded on the other side. Earthquake ray paths and arrival times are more complex than illustrated in the animations, because velocity in the Earth does not simply increase with depth. Velocities generally … Read more
Volcanic lakes are lakes that form in craters or calderas of VolcanoesVolcanoes. They are often very deep and clear, and can be a popular tourist destination. Some of the subtopics of volcanic lakes include: Formation: Volcanic lakes form when a volcano erupts and leaves behind a crater or caldera. The crater or caldera fills with … Read more
Tectonic lakes are lakes that form in depressions created by tectonic activity. The most common type of tectonic lake is a rift lake, which forms when two tectonic plates move apart and create a rift valley. Other types of tectonic lakes include caldera lakes, which form when a volcano erupts and collapses, and landslide lakes, … Read more