Notes and Study material for Exams
ECOLOGY Ecology is defined “as a scientific study of the relationship of the living organisms with each other and with their Environment.” The classical texts of the Vedic period such as the Vedas, the Samhitas, the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas–Upanishads contain many references to ecological concepts .The Indian treatise on medicine, the Caraka- Samhita … Read more
JOB CREATION As outlined in the NITI Aayog’s Action Agenda, India suffers more from the problem of underemployment (i.e. low-productivity, low-wage jobs) than Unemployment as for example: In 2011-12, agriculture engaged nearly 50% of the workforce but contributed 15% to GDP In 2010-11, within manufacturing, small firms employed 72% but output was only … Read more
Peasant, Women, Tribal and Workers Movements Peasant Movement: Peasant movements or agrarian struggles have taken place from pre-colonial days. The movements in the period between 1858 and 1914 tended to remain localised, disjointed and confined to particular grievances. Well-known are the Bengal revolt of 1859-62 against the indigo plantation system and the ‘Deccan riots’ of … Read more
The rapid pace of Population Growth has led to the excessive utilization of natural Resources. Huge population also leads to huge production of wastes. The resultant outcomes are loss of Gender Equality: Gender equality can help reduce poverty and inequality. This is because women who have equal rights are more likely to be able … Read more
The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s surface. When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s Atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. It is the process by which radiation from a planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface to a … Read more
Elements of Climate and weather Climate is decided by a region’s climate system. A climate system has few major components: the Atmosphere, the layer, the cryosphere, and the land surface. The atmosphere is that the most variable a part of the climate system. The composition and movement of gases encompassing the planet will change … Read more
Crop Science in India In India around 70% of the Population earns its livelihood from agriculture. It fulfills the basic need of human beings and animals. It is an important source of raw material for many Agro Based Industries. India’s geographical condition is unique for agriculture because it provides many favorable conditions. There are plain … Read more
Forestry Andhra Pradesh State is bestowed with two mighty river systems of Krishna and Godavari. The State has wide and varied vegetation types enriched by a variety of Flora and Fauna. Andhra Pradesh located strategically in the central region of the Indian sub-continent, has representatives of the magnificent Indian plant and animal life. Its varied … Read more
Fisheries: ‘Fisheries’ sector is becoming a subsector of Primary Sector with consistently increasing contribution to the state economy. The State Government envisages development in fisheries sector with a multi pronged strategy with essential focus on increasing fish production and thereby ensure Sustainable Development. Development of fisheries through effective value chain and boosting exports, government is … Read more
SEED Industry India is the fifth largest seed market across the globe. It is expected to grow at more than 15% during 2017–2022, and can reach a value of more than US$ 7 Billion by 2022. The seed market is majorly contributed by non-vegetable seeds such as corn, Cotton, paddy, wheat, sorghum, sunflower and Millets. … Read more