Notes and Study material for Exams
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> (IDA) The (IDA) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1960 to complement the … Read more
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement that was adopted on 29 October 2010 at the 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 10) … Read more
Social Forestry The National Commission on agriculture, Government of India, first used the term ‘Social Forestry’ in 1976. It was then that India embarked upon a social forestry project with the aim of taking the pressure off the forests and making use of all unused and fallow land. Government forest areas that are close to … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa () is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. … Read more
Harnessing the Sun’s Power: A Deep Dive into Concentrated Solar Power The world is facing a pressing need to transition away from fossil fuels and embrace renewable energy sources. Among the many promising options, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) stands out as a technology with the potential to play a significant role in meeting our energy … Read more
Digital divide & its prevention Digital technologies have spread rapidly in much of the world. Digital dividends—the broader development benefits from using these technologies have lagged behind. In many instances digital technologies have boosted Growth, expanded opportunities, and improved service delivery. Yet their aggregate impact has fallen short and is unevenly distributed. For digital technologies … Read more
Permaculture: A Holistic Approach to Sustainable Living Permaculture, a word coined in 1978 by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, is a design system that seeks to create sustainable human settlements and agricultural systems. It’s not just about gardening; it’s a philosophy, a way of life, and a practical set of tools for creating a … Read more
Science and economics of Climate change Science of Climate Change The Atmosphere functions as a ‘greenhouse’ and insulates the earth from extremes of temperature. The Greenhouse Effect works in the following manner. Of the incoming short-wave radiation from the sun, one-third is reflected, and the atmosphere, ocean, ice, land, and biota absorb the … Read more
Public expenditure is spending made by the government of a country on collective needs and wants such as pension, provision,
Marketing Management is a social and managerial process by which individuals or firms obtain what they need or want through creating, offering, exchanging products of value with each others. CORE CONCEPTS OF MARKETING NEED/ WANT/ DEMAND: Need: It is state of deprivation of some basic satisfaction. Want: Desire for specific … Read more