Notes and Study material for Exams
The JP Movement: A Legacy of Social Justice and Political Transformation The JP Movement, named after its charismatic leader Jayaprakash Narayan, was a powerful social and political movement that swept across India in the 1970s. It emerged as a response to the growing authoritarianism and corruption of the Indira Gandhi government, culminating in a nationwide … Read more
Narayana Guru social reforms Sri Narayana Guru was a prophet, sage and Hindu saint and also a social reformer of India. He was born in the family of Ezhavas, in a period when people from backward communities, like, the Ezhavas faced much social injustices in the caste-ridden Kerala Society. Gurudevan, as he was fondly known … Read more
Cooperative Banks: A Model of Financial Inclusion and Community Empowerment Cooperative banks, often referred to as credit unions, are financial institutions owned and controlled by their members. They operate on the principle of “people helping people,” prioritizing the needs of their members over profit maximization. This unique structure fosters a strong sense of community and … Read more
Gandhiji was arrested in 1922 and sentenced to 6 years of imprisonment. The result was the spread of disintegration, disorganization and demoralization in the nationalist ranks. After a defeat of their resolution of ‘either mending or ending’ in the Congress, CR Das and Motilal Nehru resigned and formed the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party in December … Read more
Missionary activities in India There are two views among scholars about the origin of Christianity in India. According to one, the foundation of the Christian church in India was laid by Saint Thomas, one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus. The other view would ascribe the arrival of Christianity in India to the enterprise of … Read more
Balban: theory of Kingship and Judicial System Theory of kingship Balban was a despotic ruler and the reestablishment of the prestige of the crown was the immediate need before him. He strengthened
Niche:- a description of all the biological, physical and chemical factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy and reproduce. No two species have exact identical niches. Niche plays an important role in conservation of organisms. Types of Niche Habitat niche – where it lives Food niche – what is eats or decomposes … Read more
Total Population Absolute Precentage Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Persons 68548437 51500352 17048085 100.0 75.1 24.9 Males 35550997 26641747 8909250 100.0 74.9 25.1 Females 32997440 24858605 8138835 100.0 75.3 24.7 Decadal Change Absolute Precentage 2001-2011 Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban … Read more
Government market borrowings, loans and grants There are two types of borrowings : Internal borrowings External borrowings There is third mean of public loan i.e. other liabilities Internal borrowings Internal debt or domestic debt is the part of the total government debt in a country that is owed to lenders within the country. … Read more
Ethics in Public Administration In the public sector, ethics addresses the fundamental premise of a public administrator’s duty as a “steward” to the public. In other words, it is the moral justification and consideration for decisions and actions made during the completion of daily duties when working to provide the general Services of … Read more