Notes and Study material for Exams
North India Ghadvalas Chandradeva*. Jaichandra fought Muhammad Ghur Chandellas of Jejakabhukti/Bundelkhand *Vidyadhara* & Yashovarman Paramaras of Malwa Vakpati Munjal & *Bhoja* Chahamanas/Chauhans of Sakambhari Vigraharaja IV Visaladeva, *Prithviraj III* (Chauhan) Kalachuris of Tripuri Kokalla, Gangeyadeva & *Karna* … Read more
Slave Qutbuddin Died while playing Chaugan. Aram Shah (short period) Aibak Shamsuddin He defeated Yalduz of Ghazni & Qubacha of Multan. Captured the Iltutmish fort of Ranthambor, Lakhnauti. Organized the iqta system (land assignment) & currency (introduced copper tanka & silver jital). Razia Sultana Married Malik Altunia (Governor of Bhatinda). Turkish Aamirs played the dominant … Read more
[WATU 3] , The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim empire that ruled over much of northern India from 1206 to 1526. It was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a former slave of Muhammad Ghori, who had conquered much of northern India in the 12th century. The Delhi Sultanate was a period of great political and cultural … Read more
The Lion of the Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Rise of the Sikh Empire Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), often referred to as the “Lion of the Punjab,” was a remarkable figure who transformed a fragmented region into a powerful and prosperous empire. His reign marked a pivotal period in the history of the Indian … Read more
The Second Anglo-Sikh War: A Clash of Empires and Ideologies The Second Anglo-Sikh War, fought between 1848 and 1849, was a pivotal event in the history of both the Sikh Empire and British India. It marked the final chapter in the Sikh-British rivalry, culminating in the annexation of the Punjab by the British East India … Read more
The First Anglo-Sikh War: A Clash of Empires in the Punjab The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846) marked a pivotal moment in the history of the Punjab, India, and the British Empire. It was a clash of two powerful forces: the burgeoning Sikh Empire, a formidable military power in the region, and the ever-expanding British East … Read more
The British Conquest of Punjab: A Legacy of Violence and Transformation The British conquest of Punjab, a region in present-day Pakistan and India, was a pivotal event in the history of both the subcontinent and the British Empire. This complex and multifaceted process, spanning several decades, involved a combination of military prowess, political maneuvering, and … Read more
The Complexities of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh: A Journey Through History, Politics, and Culture Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh, nestled in the majestic Himalayas, are regions steeped in history, culture, and political complexities. This article delves into the intricate tapestry of these regions, exploring their unique identities, historical significance, and the ongoing political … Read more
The Composition of the Constituent Assembly: Shaping India’s Destiny The Constituent Assembly, a remarkable body of elected representatives, played a pivotal role in drafting the Constitution of India, a document that has shaped the nation’s destiny for over seven decades. Understanding the composition of this assembly is crucial to appreciating the historical context and the … Read more
Jat-Jatin The Jats are a large and influential ethnic group found in the northern Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. They are also found in smaller numbers in other parts of India, as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Jats are a warrior caste, and have a long history of military … Read more