Notes and Study material for Exams
Topological & Non-Topological Conservation Conservation – shape and structure of networks of interacting organisms in ecological systems In-situ conservation Protect whole ecosystem at all levels to protect threatened species (save entire forest to save tiger) Hot Spots – High endemism & high Species richness (in India – Western Ghats (Agasthyamalai hills, … Read more
Buffon’s Theory: A Legacy of Curiosity and Innovation Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, was a towering figure in the history of natural history. His monumental work, Histoire naturelle, published in 36 volumes between 1749 and 1788, revolutionized the way people understood the natural world. While Buffon is best known for his contributions to zoology and … Read more
Tissues Tissue, in physiology, a level of organization in multicellular organisms; it consists of a group of structurally and functionally similar cells and their intercellular material. Tissues are absent from unicellular organisms. Even among the simplest multicellular species, such as sponges, tissues are lacking or are poorly differentiated. But multicellular animals and Plants … Read more
The Rate of a Chemical Reaction The rate of a chemical reaction can be defined as the amount of the reaction which occurs in unit time. The rate of a reaction is measured by choosing certain properties of the reaction which will indicate how far the reaction has gone, and whose magnitude can be observed … Read more
Navigating the Fury: Understanding Heat Waves The Earth is warming, and with it, the frequency and intensity of heat waves are on the rise. These periods of extreme heat, lasting days or even weeks, pose a significant threat to human health, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Understanding the science behind heat waves, their impacts, and the strategies … Read more
Plants Plant, any multicellular eukaryotic life-form characterized by photosynthetic Nutrition (a characteristic possessed by all plants except some parasitic plants and underground orchids), in which chemical energy is produced from water, Minerals, and carbon dioxide with the aid of pigments and the radiant energy of the Sun, essentially unlimited Growth at localized regions, … Read more
Tissue culture Tissue culture, a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial Environment in which they can continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a Population of cells, or a whole or part of … Read more
MNREGA Jan Dhan Yojna Atal Pension Yojna Skill India Mission Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana Sukanya Samridhi Yojana Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana Jan Aushadhi Yojana (JAY) Nai Manzil Scheme for minority students The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) or Housing for all … Read more
The Fiery Menace: Understanding Wildfires Wildfires, once a natural part of many ecosystems, have become an increasingly destructive force in recent decades. Driven by a complex interplay of climate change, human activity, and natural factors, these fiery events pose a significant threat to human lives, property, and the environment. This article delves into the multifaceted … Read more
Institutes and Organization in India promoting integration of Science, Technology and Innovation India is one of the top-ranking countries in the field of basic research. Indian Science has come to be regarded as one of the most powerful instruments of Growth and development, especially in the emerging scenario and competitive economy. In the wake … Read more