Notes and Study material for Exams
The Crisis of Democratic Order: A Global Phenomenon The world is witnessing a growing crisis of democratic order. While democracy has made significant strides in recent decades, a confluence of factors is eroding its foundations, leading to a decline in trust, polarization, and a rise in authoritarianism. This article will delve into the multifaceted nature … Read more
The Primary Market: Where New Securities Are Born The financial world is a complex ecosystem, with various players and mechanisms working in tandem to facilitate the flow of capital. At the heart of this system lies the primary market, the stage where new securities are first issued and sold to investors. This market plays a … Read more
Rule of Law may be defined as a principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international Human Rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures … Read more
Armed Forces and Fundamental Rights: A Balancing Act The armed forces, as the guardians of national security, play a crucial role in safeguarding a nation’s sovereignty and interests. However, their unique nature, characterized by strict discipline, hierarchical structures, and the potential for deployment in hostile environments, raises complex questions regarding the application of fundamental rights. … Read more
The Contours of Secularism: A Comparative Study of Western and Indian Models Secularism, a concept that has profoundly shaped modern political and social landscapes, embodies the separation of religious and political spheres. However, its implementation and interpretation vary significantly across different cultures and historical contexts. This article delves into the distinct characteristics of Western secularism … Read more
A Comparative Analysis of Parliamentary Systems: India in the Global Context The Indian Constitution, a landmark document crafted in the aftermath of colonial rule, stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to democratic principles. Its parliamentary system, a cornerstone of governance, has been a subject of continuous scrutiny and debate, particularly in comparison to … Read more
The Significance of Fundamental Rights: Pillars of a Just and Equitable Society Fundamental rights, enshrined in constitutions and international legal frameworks, are the bedrock of a just and equitable society. They are not mere abstract principles, but concrete guarantees that protect individuals from arbitrary state power and ensure their dignity, freedom, and equality. This article … Read more
Provisions for scheduled castes, Tribes and Minorities CONSITITONAL PROVISIONS FOR SC & ST Constitutional History In the original Constitution, ARTICLE 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to the president. Seventeen regional offices of … Read more
Constitution Constitution is the fundamental law of a country which ordains the fundamental principles on which the government (or the governance) of that country is based. It lays down the framework and principal functions of various organs of the government as well as the modalities of interaction between the government and its citizens. With the … Read more
Integrated Judicial System An integrated judicial system is a system of courts that are interconnected and share information and resources. This can help to improve efficiency and coordination among courts, and can also make it easier for people to access justice. There are a number of benefits to having an integrated judicial system. First, it … Read more