Flood- CGPCS Mains

Flood and Drought Occurrence Drought Drought is a complex, slow-onset phenomenon of ecological challenge that affects people more than any other natural hazards by causing serious economic, social and environmental losses in both developing and developed countries. The period of unusual dryness (i.e. drought) is a normal feature of the Climate and weather system in … Read more

BPO (Business Process Outsourcing)

BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a method of subcontracting various business-related operations to third-party vendors. Although BPO originally applied solely to manufacturing entities, such as soft drink manufacturers that outsourced large segments of their supply chains, BPO now applies to the outsourcing of Services, as well. Many businesses, from small startups … Read more

EXECUTIVE ACCOUNTABILITY

 EXECUTIVE–ITS ACCOUNTABILITY TO PARLIAMENT RELATION OF PARLIAMENT WITH THE EXECUTIVE One of the most important questions which engaged the attention of the framers of the Constitution was the nature of the Executive and its relation with the Legislature. Dr. Ambedkar observed in introducing the Constitution:   The decision of the Constituent … Read more

Auditing

 AUDITING   Auditing is the on-site verification activity, such as inspection or examination, of a process or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a function, process, or production step.    Meaning of Auditing:   Auditing is an examination … Read more

PERFORMANCE & EFFICIENCY AUDITING

 PERFORMANCE AUDIT     Meaning   An independent examination of the efficiency and effectiveness of government undertakings, programs or organisations, with due regard to economy, and the aim of leading to improvements”.   Performance audit is simply an audit of Sound financial management, namely of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness with which audited … Read more

MGMT PLANNING

 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT   PLANNING Planning is a process of determination of organization’s objectives and selecting the courses of actions. i.e. Plans for attaining them. Planning is the primary or basic management function.   Planning Process                                 Types/Dimensions … Read more

Decision Making Under Uncertainty

 DECISION MAKING under uncertainty The area of choice under uncertainty represents the heart of decision theory. Known from the 17th century (Blaise Pascal invoked it in his famous wager, which is contained in his Pensées, published in 1670), the idea of expected value is that, when faced with a number of actions, each of which could give rise … Read more

Flood And Drought Occurence

 Flood and Drought Occurrence Drought Drought is a complex, slow-onset phenomenon of ecological challenge that affects people more than any other natural hazards by causing serious economic, social and environmental losses in both developing and developed countries. The period of unusual dryness (i.e. drought) is a normal feature of the Climate and weather … Read more

Accountability And Ethical Governance

 Accountability and ethical governance Accountability means being answerable for the performance of tasks assigned to a person; if task assigned is selection of beneficiaries for a scheme, then accountability will imply whether the selection has been carried out by applying the criteria, and following the procedures laid down, in the timely manner within … Read more

Disaster Manangement

 Disaster manangement: some case studies Aspects of Disaster Management Disaster Prevention Disaster Prevention is the concept of engaging in activities which intend to prevent or avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance, activities designed to provide protection from the occurance of disasters. Disaster Preparedness Disaster preparedness activities embedded with risk reduction … Read more