Notes and Study material for Exams
CONCEPTS OF LAW: OWNERSHIP The idea of ownership developed by slow degrees with the Growth of civilization. So long as the people were wandering from place to place and had no settled place of residence, they had no sense of ownership. The idea began to grow when they started planting trees, cultivating land, building their … Read more
“The Scheduled Areas” are those tribal inhabited areas which are located in other parts of the country than the North-East India. These areas are located in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Orissa and Rajasthan. Besides these areas, some other regions of the country also are governed … Read more
Philosophical basis of governance Governance is the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It comprises mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations, and mediate their differences. The challenge for all societies is to create … Read more
Constitution Constitution is the fundamental law of a country which ordains the fundamental principles on which the government (or the governance) of that country is based. It lays down the framework and principal functions of various organs of the government as well as the modalities of interaction between the government and its citizens. With the … Read more
Nationalists saw that their disunity was affecting their cause Two important developments at the Lucknow Session of Congress The two wings of the Congress were again united The Congress and the Muslim League sank their old differences and put up common political demands before the government. INC and ML passed the same resolutions at their … Read more
The Foundation of Equality: A Deep Dive into Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35) of the Indian Constitution The Indian Constitution, a beacon of liberty and justice, stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to safeguarding the fundamental rights of its citizens. Part III of this landmark document, encompassing Articles 12 to 35, lays the bedrock … Read more
Article 33: A Complex Balancing Act Between Fundamental Rights and Special Laws Article 33 of the Indian Constitution is a unique provision that allows Parliament to make laws that abridge or restrict fundamental rights for certain categories of people or situations. This article, often referred to as the “exception to the exceptions,” has been a … Read more
The Right of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions: A Global Perspective The right to education is a fundamental human right, enshrined in numerous international legal instruments. However, the right to establish and administer educational institutions, particularly for minority groups, presents a complex and multifaceted challenge. This article explores the legal framework surrounding this … Read more
Equality Before the Law and Equal Protection of Laws: A Foundation for Justice and Fairness The principles of equality before the law and equal protection of laws are cornerstones of any just and equitable society. They ensure that all individuals, regardless of their background, status, or beliefs, are treated fairly and equally under the legal … Read more
The Importance of Citizenship: A Foundation for a Just and Prosperous Society Citizenship, a concept often taken for granted, is the cornerstone of a functioning and equitable society. It encompasses a complex web of rights, responsibilities, and privileges that bind individuals to their nation-state. This article delves into the multifaceted importance of citizenship, exploring its … Read more