Notes and Study material for Exams
Electoral Reforms: A Vital Path Towards a More Democratic Future The cornerstone of any democratic society is a fair and transparent electoral process. However, the integrity and effectiveness of elections can be compromised by various factors, leading to public distrust and undermining the legitimacy of the government. This is where electoral reforms come into play, … Read more
Citizenship by Descent: A Global Perspective on Birthright Citizenship Citizenship, the legal status of belonging to a particular country, is a fundamental aspect of human existence. It grants individuals rights, privileges, and responsibilities within a nation-state. While various pathways exist to acquire citizenship, one of the most common and often debated is citizenship by descent, … Read more
The Evolution of Elections: From Ancient Roots to Modern Democracies Elections, the cornerstone of representative democracy, have evolved significantly over centuries, reflecting societal changes, technological advancements, and evolving political ideologies. This article delves into the historical roots of elections, explores their various forms and functions, and examines the challenges and opportunities they present in the … Read more
The Anti-Defection Law: A Double-Edged Sword in Indian Politics The Anti-Defection Law, enshrined in the Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, is a complex and controversial piece of legislation that aims to curb political instability and ensure the stability of governments. While it has undoubtedly played a role in reducing the frequency of floor-crossing and … Read more
Immanuel Kant Towards the end of his most influential work, Critique of Pure Reason(1781/1787), Kant argues that all philosophy ultimately aims at answering these three questions: “What can I know? What should I do? What may I hope?” The book appeared at the beginning of the most productive period of his career, and … Read more
Urban Indian economy after 1858 During this period, the Indian economy essentially remained stagnant, growing at the same rate (1.2%) as the Population. India also experienced deindustrialization during this period. Compared to the Mughal era, India during the British colonial era had a lower per-capita income, a large decline in the Secondary Sector, and lower … Read more
Corruption: NATURE Like that of several other socio-economic offences, corruption stands out as an offence which affects the community as a whole. It is not just an offence between the perpetrator of a traditional crime like murder, theft or rape and an innocent victim. In fact and reality the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker … Read more
The leading economists of the country differ in their opinion about the socioeconomic and ecological consequences of the policy of liberalisation.INFRASTRUCTURE by the Indian and foreign investors have generated great employment opportunities for the professionals, and skilled and unskilled workers. 5. Development of Infrastructure: Prior to the liberalisation, the infrastructure (roads and electricity) were in … Read more
Workers, Peasant and Tribal Movements in British India Indigo Revolt (1859-60) The Indigo revolt of Bengal was directed against British planters who forced peasants to take advances and sign fraudulent contracts which forced the peasants to grow Indigo under terms which were the least profitable to them. The revolt began in Govindpur village … Read more
European Economic Community The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states. It was created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957. Upon the formation of the European Union (EU) in 1993, the EEC was incorporated and renamed as the European Community … Read more