Notes and Study material for Exams
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1919: Dyarchy In a system called “dyarchy,” the nation-building departments of government — agriculture, Education, public works, and the like — were placed under ministers who were individually responsible to the legislature. The departments that made up the “steel frame” of British rule — finance, revenue, and home affairs — were retained by … Read more
Islam: A Global Faith and Its Diverse Expressions Islam, the second-largest religion in the world, is a faith that has profoundly shaped the lives of billions of people across the globe. Its teachings, rooted in the Quran and the life of Prophet Muhammad, offer a comprehensive framework for living, encompassing spiritual, social, and ethical dimensions. … Read more
Muruj-ul-Zehab: A Journey Through the Golden Meadows of History Introduction Muruj-ul-Zehab, meaning “Golden Meadows,” is a captivating historical chronicle penned by the renowned Arab historian and scholar, Abu’l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Mas’udi. This monumental work, completed in the 10th century CE, stands as a testament to the intellectual prowess of the Islamic Golden Age and … Read more
Secularism as its base, whereas Pakistan asserts itself to be an Islamic State; regarding itself as the sentinel of the muslims in the whole subcontinent and considers India claim of being a secular Polity as a sham. For Pakistan therefore Indian nationalism is basically hindu nationalism. Gangly and Singh point out that India … Read more