Notes and Study material for Exams
Waves A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location.It is a disturbance or variation that transfers energy progressively from point to point. It may take the form of an elastic deformation, a variation of pressure, electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature. When … Read more
Climate Change and Its Effects The term climate refers to the general weather conditions of a place over many years. In the United States, for example, Maine’s climate is cold and snowy in winter while South Florida’s is tropical year-round. Climate Change is a significant variation of Average weather conditions—say, conditions becoming warmer, wetter, or … Read more
Environmental Legislation The awareness and consideration for Environment covers several environmental issues such as pollution of water, air and Soil, land degradation, industrialization, Urbanization, depletion of natural Resources etc. Environmental Law plays a very crucial and important role in regulating the use of Natural Resources and in protecting the environment. The success of environmental legislations … Read more
The Equatorial Countercurrent: A Vital Force in the Ocean’s Circulation The Earth’s oceans are in constant motion, driven by a complex interplay of forces including wind, salinity, temperature, and the Earth’s rotation. This dynamic system creates a network of currents that transport heat, nutrients, and marine life across the globe. Among these currents, the Equatorial … Read more
ECOLOGY Ecology is defined “as a scientific study of the relationship of the living organisms with each other and with their Environment.” The classical texts of the Vedic period such as the Vedas, the Samhitas, the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas–Upanishads contain many references to ecological concepts .The Indian treatise on medicine, the Caraka- Samhita … Read more
Addition of certain substances to the water such as organic, inorganic, biological, radiological, heat, which degrades the quality of water so that it becomes unfit for use. Putrescibility is the process of decomposition of organic matter present in water by Microorganisms using Oxygen. Water having DO (dissolved oxygen) content below 8.0 mg/L may be … Read more
Factors Influencing Temperature: A Deep Dive into the Earth’s Thermal Dynamics Temperature, a fundamental aspect of our physical world, governs countless processes, from the formation of weather patterns to the survival of life. Understanding the factors that influence temperature is crucial for comprehending climate change, predicting future weather events, and optimizing various human activities. This … Read more
The Dynamic Duo: Temperature and Density in the Ocean The ocean, a vast and mysterious realm, is a complex system driven by a delicate interplay of forces. Among these forces, temperature and density play a crucial role, shaping the ocean’s circulation, influencing marine life, and impacting global climate. This article delves into the intricate relationship … Read more
Fresh water Ecosystems– The salt content of fresh bodies is very low, always less than 5 ppt (parts per thousand). E.g lakes, ponds, pools, springs, streams, and rivers Marine ecosystems – the water bodies containing salt concentration equal to or above that of sea water (i.e., 35 ppt or above). E.g shallow seas and … Read more
The California Current: A Vital Lifeline for the Pacific Coast The California Current, a cold, nutrient-rich current that flows southward along the western coast of North America, is a vital component of the Pacific Ocean’s ecosystem. It plays a crucial role in shaping the climate, influencing marine life, and supporting a thriving fishing industry. This … Read more