Notes and Study material for Exams
Elementary idea of LASER Laser, a device that stimulates atoms or Molecules to emit Light at particular wavelengths and amplifies that light, typically producing a very narrow beam of radiation. The emission generally covers an extremely limited range of visible, infrared, or ultraviolet wavelengths. Many different types of lasers have been developed, with … Read more
Concept of Biotechnology The term ‘Biotechnology’ may Sound futuristic, but it is nearly as old as civilization itself. We have begun growing crops and raising animals 10,000 years ago to provide a stable supply of food and clothing. We have been using the biological processes of Microorganisms for 6,000 years to make useful … Read more
Circulatory System v The circulatory system can be compared to a system of interconnected, one-way roads that range from superhighways to back alleys. v Like a Network of roads, the job of the circulatory system is to allow the transport of materials from one place to another. v As described in Figure below, … Read more
Acid An acid is a substance which forms H+ ions as the only positive ion in aqueous solution. Examples:- Hydrochloric acid dissolved in water forms H+ and Cl– ions HCl —> H+ + Cl– Sulphuric acid dissolved in water forms H+ and SO42- ions H2SO4 —>2H+ + SO42- Nitric acid forms H+ and NO3– ions when dissolved in water … Read more
DECISION MAKING under uncertainty The area of choice under uncertainty represents the heart of decision theory. Known from the 17th century (Blaise Pascal invoked it in his famous wager, which is contained in his Pensées, published in 1670), the idea of expected value is that, when faced with a number of actions, each of which could give rise … Read more
The Gupta Empire stretched across northern, central and parts of southern India between c. 320 and 550 CE. The period is noted for its achievements in the arts, architecture, sciences, religion, and philosophy. Chandragupta I (320 – 335 CE) started a rapid expansion of the Gupta Empire and soon established himself as the first sovereign ruler of the empire. It marked the end of … Read more
PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN Health CARE Services IN INDIA It is widely accepted that the deficiencies in public sector health system can only be overcome by significant reforms. The need for reforms in India’s Health sector has been emphasized by successive plan documents since the Eighth Five-Year Plan in 1992, by … Read more
Professor Freeman J. Dyson, of Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, in his book “Infinite in all Directions,” had this to say about Technology: “Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of Life, it is perhaps the greatest of God’s gifts. It is the mother of civilization, of Arts and of Sciences. Technology … Read more
Contribution of Indian Scientist: Scientist Achievement Homi Jehangir Baba Father of Indian Nuclear Programme, Carried out first nuclear test 1974, Atomic energy establishment was renamed Bhabha Atomic research centre. Venkatraman Ramakrishna Indian origin biologist cum scientist won nobel prize in 2009 in chemistry. He pioneered in the studies of the structure and function of … Read more
Quick Revision Topic: pH scale and its day to day application Definition: pH scale is the scale developed to measure the concentration of Hydrogen ion in a solution. Here ‘p’ in pH implies ‘potenz’ in german. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. for Acidic solution pH is less than 7 and … Read more