Notes and Study material for Exams
State Finances And Local Finances State finances The constitution (73rd and 74th) Amendment Acts, 1992 and ARTICLE 280 (3) (c) have altered the erstwhile fiscal devolution system and framework between the states and local governments. Under the new fiscal devolution system every State Government is required to constitute, once in five years, a Finance Commission … Read more
Cottage Industry is a form of small scale industry where the productivity of the good£ takes place in the houses of the workers, and the workforce include the members of the family. The equipment’s used to generate products are not the hi-tech ones but generally those which are used at homes. Cottage industry is generally … Read more
The Golden Age of Administration: Harshavardhana’s Legacy Harshavardhana, the illustrious emperor of the Vardhana dynasty, reigned over North India from 606 to 647 CE. His reign is often hailed as a golden age, marked by political stability, economic prosperity, and a flourishing of art, literature, and religion. While his military prowess and patronage of Buddhism … Read more
Disaster Management History shows that India is exposed to national disasters. INFRASTRUCTURE; and other efforts to make the community more resilient to a catastrophic event. Preparedness Preparedness focuses on understanding how a disaster might impact the community and how education, outreach and training can build capacity to respond to and recover from a disaster. This … Read more
Public Administration is a sub-division of the broader concept of administration. Administration means ‘to serve’, or ‘to manage affairs’. In this sense, administration means management of the affairs of an organization. And Public administration means management of Governmental affairs and activities. Thus, Public administration is primarily concerned with the implementation of Governmental policies. History of … Read more
Army Army fulfilled four important functions: Instrument to conquer Indian powers Defended the British Empire in India against foreign rivals Safe-guarded against internal revolt Chief instrument for extending and defending the British Empire in Asia and Africa. Bulk of the army consisted of Indians. In 1857, of the total strength of 311400, about 265900 were … Read more
Under the Constitution the financial Resources of the State are very limited though they have to do many works of social uplift under directive principles. In order to cope with their ever-expanding needs, the Central Government makes grants-in-aid to the States. Grant- in-aid to States , through it Central Government exercises a strict control over … Read more
Community Forestry: A Sustainable Path to Forest Conservation and Community Empowerment Introduction Forests are vital ecosystems that provide numerous benefits, including clean air and water, biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and livelihoods for millions of people. However, deforestation and forest degradation are major global challenges, driven by factors such as agricultural expansion, illegal logging, and unsustainable … Read more
Preservation & promotion of culture and indigenous knowledge- Use of Regional Language in ICT “A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people.” –Mahatma Gandhi Indigenous Knowledge (IK) refers to the knowledge, innovations, and practices of indigenous groups in matters related to agriculture and environmental management, medicine and … Read more
Regionalism Regionalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of local or regional interests as opposed to national interests. Regionalists often believe that their region has its own unique culture and identity that should be preserved, and they may advocate for greater autonomy or even independence for their region. Regionalism can be traced back … Read more