Notes and Study material for Exams
External Commercial Borrowing: A Lifeline for Growth or a Debt Trap? External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) has become a significant source of financing for developing economies, particularly in Asia and Latin America. It offers a potential lifeline for growth, providing access to capital for infrastructure development, industrial expansion, and other crucial investments. However, ECB also carries … Read more
Money Laundering And Black Money Money Laundering Money laundering is the process of making large amounts of money generated by a criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. The money from the criminal activity is considered dirty, and the process “launders” it to make it … Read more
Navigating the Global Tax Landscape: A Guide to Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA) The globalized economy has fostered a complex web of international business transactions, leading to a potential for double taxation â a situation where the same income or capital is taxed twice by different countries. To mitigate this risk and promote cross-border investment, … Read more
Expanding horizons of Fundamental Rights; Enforceability against State and others Founding fathers influenced by Bill of Rights of American Constitution, Declaration of Rights of Man of France, The Irish Constitution of 1935, the post war Constitution of Japan & Burma, the Universal Human Rights’ Chapter & Nehru Report of 1928 engrafted fundamental rights … Read more
QUAD and Malabar 2020 The first phase of the Malabar naval exercises is currently underway off the coast of Vishakhapatnam in the Bay of Bengal and there has been much enthusiasm and anticipation around it this year. The excitement is largely because for the first time the Malabar Exercise will see the participation of India, … Read more
Development Of Railway, Industralization and constitutional development during British period Railway The British created the Indian Railways. They envisioned it, planned it, engineered it and instructed poor Indian laborers how to build it. There is a common misconception that the British “gifted” India the Railways. Nothing could be more wrong. The British … Read more
Development Banks: Catalysts for Economic Growth and Social Progress Development banks, often referred to as development finance institutions (DFIs), play a crucial role in fostering economic growth and social progress, particularly in developing countries. These institutions provide a wide range of financial services, including loans, grants, guarantees, and technical assistance, to support projects that promote … Read more
Money Supply is the entire stock of currency and other liquid instruments in a country’s economy as of a particular time. The money supply can include cash, coins and balances held in checking and Savings accounts. Money Supply can be estimated as narrow or Broad Money. There are four measures of money supply in India … Read more
Cyber security is a process, technique or procedure to ensure information security goals. Aim of Information Security is to provide CIA i.e. Confidentiality of information Integrity of information Availability of information These 3 parameters (CIA) are called security goals/security Services. The other security objectives also include such other parameters as authenticity, authorisation, accounting and … Read more