Internal

Chhattisgarh: Public Debt composition- Internal and External Debt including World Bank loans, Institutional and non institutional sources of Rural Credit in Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh: Public Debt composition- Internal and External Debt including World Bank loans, Institutional and non institutional sources of Rural Credit in Chhattisgarh The State Government manages public-debt through two sources- Internal Loan and Loan and Advance from Central Government. The Chhattisgarh Government Manages internal loan through following sources: The Percentage share of Internal Loan of … Read more

CHATTISHGARH : MIGRATION

  Migration has been significantly reshaping the traditional social and economic structures of rural communities of Chattishgarh. The livelihood activities of rural families are no longer confined to farming and are increasingly being diversified through rural-to-urban migration. With the development of trade and Industry and the awareness produced by the mass media, rural poor are … Read more

Polity Booster- State and non-State actors in creating challenges to internal security

State and non-State actors in creating challenges to Internal Security India was partitioned in the backdrop of large-scale communal riots, but the partition of the country on religious lines, without taking into consideration its multiple identities, instead of bringing the communal tensions down, in fact, worsened the situation. The two-nation theory created Pakistan, and it … Read more

Auditing

 AUDITING   Auditing is the on-site verification activity, such as inspection or examination, of a process or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a function, process, or production step.    Meaning of Auditing:   Auditing is an examination … Read more

1. Indus Valley Civilization

 Indus Valley Civilization   Indus Valley Civilization was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan (around 12 lakh sq.km). The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. 2700- BC.1900 i.e. for 800 years. But early … Read more

Narration

 Narration (Direct- indirect speech) General Rules [i]Assertive Sentence or Statement 1. If the reporting verb is in the present or future Tense, the tense in the Reported speech is not changed. (a)Direct: Nabil says, “I am fine.”    Indirect: Nabil says that he is fine. (b)Direct: The man says, “I shall do it.” … Read more

Quick Revision: Audit and accounting

Audit and accounting: Auditing is defined as the systematic and independent assessment and examination of data, statement, records, operations and performance, financial or otherwise of an enterprise.   Objectives of Auditing: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Examining the system of Internal check Checking arithmetical accuracy of books of accounts Verifying the authenticity and validity of transactions. Checking the … Read more

RAS MAINS REVISION: Part III Auditing and Accounting

RAS MAINS REVISION: Part III Auditing and Accounting Social Audit:    It is a tool through which government department can plan, manage and measure non-financial activities and monitor both internal and external consequences of the department social and commercial operation. OR Social Audit is an independent evaluation of the performance of an organisation as it relates … Read more

Effects of Taxation,Direct and Indirect Taxes, Public Expenditure and Public Debt. Internal and External Debt.

India has a well developed Taxation structure. The tax system in India is mainly a three tier system which is based between the Central, State Governments and the Local Government organizations. In most cases, these local bodies include the local councils and the municipalities. According to the Constitution of India, the government has the right … Read more