Notes and Study material for Exams
The Dynamic Dance of Cooperation and Competition: Exploring the Evolution of Federalism in the United States The United States, a nation built on the principles of federalism, has witnessed a complex and evolving relationship between its national and state governments. This intricate dance between cooperation and competition, often referred to as “cooperative federalism” and “competitive … Read more
Science and economics of Climate change Science of Climate Change The Atmosphere functions as a ‘greenhouse’ and insulates the earth from extremes of temperature. The Greenhouse Effect works in the following manner. Of the incoming short-wave radiation from the sun, one-third is reflected, and the atmosphere, ocean, ice, land, and biota absorb the … Read more
Sources of Funds The Amendments left important matters such as implementation, service delivery (including local capacity building) and transfer of responsibilities and powers to rural local bodies at the discretion of the state legislatures. Consequently, while expenditure responsibilities of local bodies are extensively enhanced, there is no law to ensure a corresponding assignment of funds … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> , BRICS,other Bilateral and Regional groupings In the 20th century there was a strong dynamics of integration processes, in the singular regions of the world, what is identified, by many scientists, with a trial to find a new way of economy development. Nowadays, integration activity is … Read more
The State Finance Commissions are required to recommend financial support from the state and principles for determination of taxes, tolls and fees that could be assigned to or appropriated by the local bodies ARTICLE 243I of the Indian Constitution prescribes that the Governor of a State shall, as soon as may be within one year … Read more
Navigating the Labyrinth: Legislative Relations and Centre-State Relations in India India, a vast and diverse nation, operates under a complex federal structure where power is shared between the central government and the states. This intricate system necessitates a robust framework for legislative relations, ensuring smooth coordination and cooperation between the two levels of government. This … Read more
The Inter-State Council: A Vital Mechanism for Inter-State Relations in India The Indian Constitution, a testament to the nation’s commitment to federalism, recognizes the importance of cooperation and coordination between the Union and the States. This intricate web of inter-state relations is facilitated by a crucial institution: the Inter-State Council. Established in 1990, the Council … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> United Nations and its specialized agencies The United Nations () is an intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 to promote international cooperation. It was founded to replace the League of Nations following World War II and to prevent another conflict. When it was founded, the had 51 Member States; … Read more
The Allocation of Taxing Powers: A Balancing Act Between Federal and State Governments The allocation of taxing powers between federal and state governments is a fundamental aspect of any federal system. This intricate dance of authority shapes the fiscal landscape, influencing economic development, social welfare, and the overall balance of power within a nation. This … Read more
Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure: A Global Perspective Federalism, a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and regional units, has been adopted by numerous countries across the globe. While offering potential benefits like decentralization, representation, and adaptability, federal structures also face inherent challenges that can impact their … Read more