Notes and Study material for Exams
British rule in Nagaland The Naga Hills district was created in 1866 by the Government of British India. Its headquarters were located at Samaguting. In 1875, the Lotha Naga region was conquered and annexed to the district. An administrative center was established at Wokha; this center was shifted to Kohima in 1879. In 1889, the … Read more
State actors are nations/countries which are also known as “states”. They have Sovereignty over their own territory and that sovereignty is recognized on the international stage by international organizations such as the United Nations. Non-state actors are organized groups that do not hold any officially recognized territory, though they may control some territory through … Read more
An important feature of the constitution is the Directive Principles of State Policy. Although the Directive Principles are asserted to be “fundamental in the governance of the country,” they are not legally enforceable. Instead, they are guidelines for creating a social order characterized by social, economic, and political Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity as enunciated … Read more
Rebellion in Chhattisgarh Some of the important Rebellions in Chhattisgarh are: Halba rebellion – started in 1774 and continued till 1779 Bhopalpatnam Struggle of 1795 Paralkot rebellion of 1825 Tarapur rebellion – started in 1842 continued till 1854 Maria rebellion – started in 1842 continued till 1863 First Freedom Struggle – started in 1856 continued … Read more
State and non-State actors in creating challenges to Internal Security India was partitioned in the backdrop of large-scale communal riots, but the partition of the country on religious lines, without taking into consideration its multiple identities, instead of bringing the communal tensions down, in fact, worsened the situation. The two-nation theory created Pakistan, and it … Read more
India China Relations: Ladakh Conflict For more than 100 days, tensions have been high between India and China along their disputed Himalayan border. This tension has been most acute in eastern Ladakh, where, in mid-June, 20 Indian soldiers and an unspecified number of Chinese soldiers were killed in the Galwan Valley, the first fatalities along … Read more
Armed rebellion in Karnataka against the British in Karnataka The micro-stories from different parts of Karnataka during the early decades of 19th century give us an indication of the wide-spread nature of anti-colonial struggles in different parts of India. Clearly they had spread among commoners and gentry and … Read more
Various chemical and biological weapons chemical weapons A chemical weapon is any toxic chemical that can cause death, injury, incapacitation, and sensory irritation, deployed via a delivery system, such as an artillery shell, rocket, or ballistic missile. Chemical weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction and their use in armed conflict is a … Read more
Wahabi Shah Abdul Aziz & Saiyed Ahmad Raebarelvi. Objective was to reform the Muslim Movement Society& convert ‘Dur-ul-Harb’ (Non-Islamic community) into ‘Dar-ul-Islam’. Origianlly the movement was started in Arabia by Muhammad Ibn-Aba-e-Wahid. Its main centre was Patna, Sittana (NW province). Kuka Bhai Ram Singh (Disciple of Bhai Balak Singh). It is also called … Read more
The backbone of the rebellions, their mass base and striking power came from the rack-rented peasants, ruined artisans and demobilized soldiers CAUSES The major cause of the civil rebellions was the rapid changes the British introduced in the economy, administration and land revenue system. The revenues were enhanced by increasing taxes. Thousands of zamindars and … Read more