Notes and Study material for Exams
laboratory method of preparing alcohol Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. R-X + KOHaq → R-OH The method is not satisfactory as olefins are also formed as by-products. However better yields is obtained by using moist Ag2O or aqueous K2CO3. Tertiary butyl halides mainly gives alkene due to dehydrohalogenation. Hydration of Alkenes This … Read more
Laboratory method of preparing alcohol Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. R-X + KOHaq → R-OH The method is not satisfactory as olefins are also formed as by-products. However better yields is obtained by using moist Ag2O or aqueous K2CO3. Tertiary butyl halides mainly gives alkene due to dehydrohalogenation. Hydration of Alkenes This … Read more
Fermentation Fermentation, chemical process by which Molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically. More broadly, fermentation is the foaming that occurs during the manufacture of wine and beer, a process at least 10,000 years old. The frothing results from the evolution of carbon dioxide gas, though this was not recognized until the 17th century. … Read more
Sugar Crops Sugar is a sweet, crystalline substance that is used in many different foods and drinks. It is made from the juice of sugar cane or sugar beets. Sugar cane is a tall grass that grows in tropical and subtropical climates. Sugar beets are a root vegetable that grows in temperate climates. Sugar is … Read more
The Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme is a flagship initiative by the Government of India aimed at progressively increasing the blending of ethanol in petrol, offering multiple economic, environmental, and strategic benefits for the nation. Ethanol, a biofuel derived from plant-based sources, is a cleaner and renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Objectives of the EBP … Read more