Notes and Study material for Exams
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was ‘a man of millennium’ who imparts the lesson of truth, Non- violence and peace. The philosophy and ideology is relevant still today.The philosophy of Gandhi was based on truth, sacrifice, non- violence selfless service and cooperation. In modern times, nonviolent methods of action have been a powerful tool for social protest. … Read more
Introduction Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was ‘a man of millennium’ who imparts the lesson of truth, Non- violence and peace. The philosophy and ideology is relevant still today.The philosophy of Gandhi was based on truth, sacrifice, non- violence selfless service and cooperation. In modern times, nonviolent methods of action have been a powerful tool for social … Read more
Civil Society and Political Movement Civil society, Faced to the centralised power of the State, first has a role of enabling the hitherto voiceless and unorganised communities interests to be represented. In other term, the sphere of civil society has a goal of Empowerment for local communities. In that specific function, civil society can … Read more
Aligarh Movement Sir Sayyed Ahmad Khan Deoband Represented by Mohammad Qasim Nanautavi & Rashid Ahmad Gangohi. Movement Nanautavi founded the ‘Dar-ul-Ullema’ madrasa at Deoband. This movement was strictly based on Islamic tradition unlike liberal Aligarh movement. The also promulgated a fatwa against Sayyid Ahmad’s associations. In 1919, Mufti Liyaqat Ullah Sahib founded … Read more
Enlightenment and Industrial revolution Emergence and Background Beginning of geographical discoveries and direct sea routes opened new avenues of Trade and Commerce. It formed the bedrock of Industrial revolution as mismatch between demand and supply led to new innovative ways of enhancing production. Second factor was emergence of capitalist ideology. Profit making became the core … Read more
Ecology is defined “as a scientific study of the relationship of the living organisms with each other and with their Environment.” The classical texts of the Vedic period such as the Vedas, the Samhitas, the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas–Upanishads contain many references to ecological concepts .The Indian treatise on medicine, the Caraka- Samhita … Read more
The Power of the People: Exploring Popular Movements Throughout History Popular movements, defined as collective actions by ordinary people aimed at achieving social, political, or economic change, have been a driving force throughout history. These movements, fueled by shared grievances, aspirations, and a desire for a better future, have reshaped societies, challenged established power structures, … Read more
The Evergreen Revolution: A Green Revolution 2.0? The term “Green Revolution” evokes images of bountiful harvests, increased food production, and a world free from hunger. This agricultural revolution, which began in the mid-20th century, was a remarkable achievement, significantly boosting global food production and saving millions from starvation. However, the Green Revolution also came with … Read more
Permaculture: A Holistic Approach to Sustainable Living Permaculture, a word coined in 1978 by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, is a design system that seeks to create sustainable human settlements and agricultural systems. It’s not just about gardening; it’s a philosophy, a way of life, and a practical set of tools for creating a … Read more
The Chipko Movement: A Story of Environmental Resistance and Community Empowerment The Chipko Movement, a powerful testament to the resilience of nature and the spirit of human resistance, stands as a landmark in the history of environmental activism. This movement, born in the Himalayan foothills of India, transcended the boundaries of a mere protest, evolving … Read more