Notes and Study material for Exams
Sovereignty Sovereignty is the supreme power or authority over a territory. It is the ultimate authority within a political system, and it is the power to make and enforce laws. Sovereignty is often associated with the idea of a nation-state, but it can also be found in other forms of political organization, such as empires … Read more
Potential of solar energy in India India is one of the most promising countries for solar energy development. The country has a huge solar potential, with an estimated 5,000 trillion kWh of solar energy available per year. This is more than enough to meet the country’s current energy needs. In recent years, India has made … Read more
Environmental Pollution and Health Environmental pollution is the contamination of the physical and biological components of the Earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign … Read more
The Mesolithic Period, often referred to as the Late Stone Age, marks a crucial transitional phase in human prehistory. Spanning from approximately 10,000 BCE to 6000 BCE, this era witnessed significant developments in human culture, technology, and lifestyle as populations adapted to changing environments following the end of the last Ice Age. Key Characteristics of … Read more
The Ganga Prahari (Protectors of the Ganga) initiative is an innovative community-led model aimed at conserving and protecting the River Ganga and its ecosystem. It was launched by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) under the National Mission for Clean Ganga to create a force of environmentally conscious volunteers who are deeply connected to the … Read more
The Nirmal Ganga Sahbhagita (NGS), launched as part of the broader Namami Gange Programme, aims to involve Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) located along the River Ganga in the mission of river rejuvenation. NGS recognizes towns and cities as major sources of pollution and seeks their active collaboration ensuring a healthier Ganga. Objectives of Nirmal Ganga … Read more
The Namami Gange Programme (NGP), a flagship initiative launched in 2014, embodies the Indian government’s commitment to the holistic rejuvenation and conservation of River Ganga. Beyond its religious and cultural significance, the Ganga is a lifeline for millions of people across North India. The NGP adopts a multi-dimensional approach to address decades of pollution and … Read more
The North East Rural Livelihood Project (NERLP), a World Bank-supported initiative, aims to improve the livelihoods of rural communities in the northeastern states of India. With a focus on empowering the poor and vulnerable, especially women, NERLP employs a community-driven approach to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Objectives of NERLP Sustainable Livelihoods: Support diversification and … Read more
The Gujarat and Bihar Movements were two major social movements that took place in India in the early 2000s. The Gujarat Movement was a campaign for social justice and equality for the Dalits, while the Bihar Movement was a campaign for land rights for the peasants. Both movements were successful in achieving some of their … Read more