Notes and Study material for Exams
El Nino El Niño is the name given to the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Ecuador and Peru. When this warming occurs the usual upwelling of cold, nutrient rich deep ocean water is significantly El Niño normally occurs around Christmasand usually lasts for a few weeks to a few months. Sometimes … Read more
El Nino El Niño is the name given to the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Ecuador and Peru. When this warming occurs the usual upwelling of cold, nutrient rich deep ocean water is significantly reduced. El Niño normally occurs around Christmas and usually lasts for a few weeks to a few months. Sometimes … Read more
Climate Change and Its Effects The term climate refers to the general weather conditions of a place over many years. In the United States, for example, Maine’s climate is cold and snowy in winter while South Florida’s is tropical year-round. Climate Change is a significant variation of Average weather conditions—say, conditions becoming warmer, wetter, or … Read more
Concept Definition Carbon Sequestration Carbon sequestration is the process of removing carbon from the Atmosphere and storing it in a fixed molecule in Soil, Oceans or Plants. Carbon Sink An organism or landscape that stores carbon is called a carbon sink. Carbon source An organism or landscape that emits carbon is called a carbon source. Climate change adaptation … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Oceans tides An ocean tide refers to the cyclic rise and fall of seawater. Tides are caused by slight variations in gravitational attraction between the Earth and the moon and the Sun in geometric relationship with locations on the Earth's surface. Tides are periodic primarily because … Read more
Volcanoes and sea-scarps. This great variety of relief is largely due to interaction of tectonic, volcanic, erosional and depositional processes. At greater depths, the tectonic and volcanic phenomena are more significant processes. Continental Shelf: This is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts toward s the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of … Read more
Coral is actually a living animal. has a symbiotic relationship (each gives something to the other and gets something back in return) With ‘zooxanthellae’ microscopic algae which live on coral [i.e. instead of living on the sea floor, the algae lives up on the coral which is closer to the ocean surface and so … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics on the Causes of , and improving energy efficiency. We can also adapt to the effects of Climate Change by building sea walls to protect coastal areas, developing drought-resistant crops, and relocating people from areas that are at risk of flooding. Climate change is a serious threat to our … Read more
The movement of ocean water is a complex process that is driven by a variety of factors, including the Earth’s rotation, the sun’s energy, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. The movement of ocean water can be divided into two main categories: waves and currents. Waves are caused by the wind … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics in oceanography: Physical oceanography Chemical oceanography Biological oceanography Geological oceanography Marine geology Marine geophysics Marine biology Marine ecology Marine chemistry Marine physics Marine meteorology Ocean climate Ocean currents Ocean waves Tides Salinity Temperature Density Turbidity Transparency Color Sound speed Light penetration Phytoplankton ZooplanktonZooplankton Fish Marine mammals Seabirds Coral reefs … Read more