climate

Environment protection laws, Policies and regulatory framework

The Environment Protection Act is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) … Read more

National Horticulture Mission (NHM)

The National Horticulture Mission: A Catalyst for India’s Horticultural Revolution Introduction India, with its diverse agro-climatic zones and rich biodiversity, possesses immense potential for horticulture. The sector plays a pivotal role in the country’s economy, contributing significantly to employment, income generation, and food security. Recognizing the importance of horticulture, the Government of India launched the … Read more

United Nations and its specialized agencies

  The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 to promote international cooperation. It was founded to replace the League of Nations following World War II and to prevent another conflict. When it was founded, the UN had 51 Member States; there are now 193. Most nations are members of the UN and send diplomats to the headquarters to hold … Read more

Distribution of key natural resources

NATURAL Resources OF INDIA What are Natural Resources ? Natural resources are useful raw materials that we get from the Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make natural resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural resources. Some … Read more

Indian Agriculture

  Mainstay of Indian economy Since independence, undergone a change from being the sector contributing the highest share to the GDP to one contributing the lowest share. agriculture is a state subject. GDP contribution (Agriculture and allied sector) 5 pc in 1950-51 7 pc in 2008-09 and 14.6 pc in 2009-10. It was 19 pc in … Read more

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organization that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future. IRENA was established in 2009 and is headquartered in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. IRENA’s mission is to promote the widespread and sustainable use of renewable energy in the … Read more

Rain-fed Crops

Rain-fed Agriculture: A Vital Lifeline in a Changing Climate Rain-fed agriculture, the practice of cultivating crops solely reliant on rainfall for water, sustains a significant portion of the global population. It plays a crucial role in food security, particularly in developing countries where access to irrigation is limited. However, this system faces increasing challenges due … Read more

Ozone layer depletion

Ozone (O3) is a molecule made up of three atoms of Oxygen (O), and is mostly found in the strato- sphere, where it protects us from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Although it represents only a tiny fraction of the Atmosphere, ozone is crucial for life on Earth. The stratospheric ozone layer forms a … Read more

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY): A Comprehensive Approach to Irrigation in India Introduction: India, a land of diverse landscapes and agricultural practices, faces the constant challenge of ensuring food security for its vast population. Water scarcity, particularly in the context of erratic rainfall patterns and climate change, poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity. … Read more

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Redd) is a set of steps designed to use market/financial incentives in order to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from deforestation and forest degradation. Its original objective is to reduce Green House Gases but it can deliver “co-benefits” such as INFRASTRUCTURE. Water Pollution: Deforestation can lead to … Read more