Notes and Study material for Exams
Civil and Criminal laws: hierarchy of civil and criminal courts in India Courts and Justice system in India The courts are divided into three categories with top court, middle court and lower court. The top court is named as The Supreme Court, while the middle court is named as High Court, and the … Read more
All India Services The Design of the Civil Service at Independence While designing a successor civil service, the Indian political leaders chose to retain Elements of the British structure of a unified administrative system such as an open-entry system based on academic achievements, elaborate training arrangements, permanency of tenure, important posts at Union, … Read more
Social Reforms Movements in Muslim Community: Wahabi Movement & Aligarh Movement The Muslims reformers in India launched many religious movements. Some tried to revive the religion and other tried to reform the religion. During the 19th century religion reforms movement were on the peak. Movements like Deoband Movement, Ahamadiya movement, Aligarh Movement; … Read more
Local and regional movements as part of freedom struggle Malabar Rebellion The non – co – operation movement was in full swing during this period of time.It was particularly strong in Malabar, where the Moppilas were agitated over the Khilafat issue.The Gandhian movement had a tremendous impact in Kerala, with large numbers joining the satyagrapha … Read more
Gandhi-Irwin Pact This pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931. Salient features of this act were as following: 1. The Congress would participate in the Round Table Conference. 2. The Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement. 3. The Government would withdraw … Read more
Women in Liberation war 1. Kalpana Datta Joshi (b.1913) Born in Chittagong, Kalpana became an active member of Chittagong Jugantar party after the famous armory raid led by Master Da. Arrested along with Master Da and Tarekeshwar Dastidar from their hiding place after a fierce battle with a police/military squad, Kalpana was transported … Read more
REVOLUTIONARY TERRORISTS BHAGAT SINGH The name Bhagat Singh has become a synonym of revolution. He was one of the great revolutionaries who made supreme sacrifice for the nation. Thousands of young people sacrificed their lives in the altar of India’s liberation struggle but the name Bhagat Singh has a special place in the … Read more
Direct Action Day (1946) Direct Action Day hartal called by the Muslim League on August 16, 1946 to get rid of ‘British slavery and contemplated future caste-Hindu domination’. The backdrop of the Direct Action Day was not only the Muslim League’s acceptance of the cabinet mission plan, but also the loss of face … Read more
Armed rebellion in Karnataka against the British in Karnataka The micro-stories from different parts of Karnataka during the early decades of 19th century give us an indication of the wide-spread nature of anti-colonial struggles in different parts of India. Clearly they had spread among commoners and gentry and … Read more
Laws, rules, regulations and conscience as source of ethical guidance High ethical standards for the provision of Services and the exercise of authority are a prerequisite if the citizenry is to trust the Public Service. The goal of these general ethical guidelines is to ensure that all State employees are aware of this. … Read more