Notes and Study material for Exams
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – ORGANIZING Organizing is the process of identification and grouping of activities, assigning duties and delegating authority to the managers, allocating necessary Resources and establishing coordination among individuals and department of an organization with a view to attain its objectives. PROCESS OF ORGANIZING : The process of organising consists … Read more
Time and distance Relationship between speed, distance and time Speed = Distance / Time or Distance = Speed × Time Average Speed = 2xy / x+y where x km/hr is a speed for certain distance and y km/hr is a speed at for same distance covered. As we know, Speed = Distance/ Time. … Read more
“Public Interest Litigation“,is a litigation filed in a court of law, for the protection of “Public Interest” , such as pollution, Terrorism, Road safety, constructional hazards etc. ARTICLE 32 of the Indian Constitution contains the tool which directly joins the public with the judiciary. Public Interest Litigation is not mentioned in any constitution or a … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Social determinants of Economic Development and impact of economic consequences remain subject of discussion among the sociologists. In the beginning development was defined solely in terms of economic perspectives. It is looked at as a process whereby there is a steady increase in the level of … Read more
Education has been accepted as one major agency of socialization, and teachers and educational institutions as socializing agents. In describing education as an instrument of Social Change, three things are important: the agents of change, the content of change, and the social background of those who are sought to be changed, i.e. students. Educational institutions … Read more
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT PLANNING Planning is a process of determination of organization’s objectives and selecting the courses of actions. i.e. Plans for attaining them. Planning is the primary or basic management function. Planning Process Types/Dimensions … Read more
Motions in Parliament: The Engines of Change and Debate Parliamentary motions are the lifeblood of legislative processes, serving as the formal mechanisms for initiating debate, proposing changes, and ultimately shaping laws and policies. They are the tools through which elected representatives voice their concerns, advance their agendas, and hold the government accountable. Understanding the various … Read more
Women‘s economic Empowerment refers to the ability for women to enjoy their right to control and benefit from Resources, assets, income and their own time, as well as the ability to manage risk and improve their economic status and well being. The GDI measures gender gaps in Human Development achievements by accounting for disparities between women and men in three … Read more
There are five stages in the chronology of the evolution of Public Administration as a discipline; these stages are theoretically driven as encapsulated below: Stage 1: politics administration dichotomy (1887-1926) Stage 2: principles of administration (1927-1937) Stage 3: era of challenge (1938-1947) Stage 4: crises of identity (1948-1970) Stage 5: public policy perspective (1971 … Read more
The Chalcolithic Period, also known as the Stone Copper Age, represents a transitional phase in human prehistory characterized by the continued use of stone tools alongside the emergence of copper metallurgy. Spanning from around 3000 BCE to 500 BCE, this epoch witnessed significant advancements in technology, economy, and social organization, laying the groundwork for the … Read more