Notes and Study material for Exams
Environmental influences are important both at the prenatal and postnatal stages of Human Development. At the prenatal stage, when a fetus is in the mother’s womb, internal or external harmful agents, such as certain legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, lead and pollutants can harm the unborn baby’s development. The mother’s Nutrition, diseases and emotional Stress … Read more
Forest- Types and Conservation of Forest and Forest Resources A forest is a complex ecosystem which is predominantly composed of trees, shrubs and is usually a closed canopy. Forests are storehouses of a large variety of life forms such as Plants, mammals, birds, insects and reptiles etc. Also the forests have abundant Microorganisms and Fungi, … Read more
Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation in India India is an agrarian economy with more than half of the Population living in rural areas and depending on agriculture for their income. However, since the economic INFRASTRUCTURE Sector as it is one of the key drivers responsible for India’s propelling economic Growth. Infrastructure Development in India has been … Read more
Unveiling the Tapestry of Biodiversity: A Deep Dive into Species Evenness Biodiversity, the intricate web of life on Earth, is a cornerstone of our planet’s health and resilience. It encompasses the vast array of species, their genetic diversity, and the ecosystems they inhabit. While species richness, the number of species present in a given area, … Read more
ECOLOGY Ecology is defined “as a scientific study of the relationship of the living organisms with each other and with their Environment.” The classical texts of the Vedic period such as the Vedas, the Samhitas, the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas–Upanishads contain many references to ecological concepts .The Indian treatise on medicine, the Caraka- Samhita … Read more
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): Valuing Nature’s Contributions to Human Well-being The natural world, with its intricate ecosystems and diverse biodiversity, is not merely a picturesque backdrop to human life. It is the very foundation upon which our societies and economies are built. From the air we breathe to the food we eat, … Read more
The Tapestry of Life: Understanding Biodiversity and Its Importance Biodiversity, the intricate web of life on Earth, is a concept that encompasses the vast array of living organisms, their genetic diversity, and the ecosystems they inhabit. It is a measure of the richness and variety of life, from the smallest microbes to the largest whales, … Read more
The Indian Crocodile: A Tale of Resilience and Conservation The Indian crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), also known as the mugger crocodile, is a fascinating and critically important species that has faced immense challenges in recent times. Once widespread throughout the Indian subcontinent, its population has dwindled due to habitat loss, hunting, and pollution. However, dedicated conservation … Read more
Alley Cropping: A Sustainable Approach to Agriculture Alley cropping, a form of agroforestry, is a sustainable agricultural practice that integrates trees or shrubs into crop production systems. This practice offers numerous benefits, including increased biodiversity, improved soil health, enhanced water management, and enhanced economic returns. This article delves into the intricacies of alley cropping, exploring … Read more
Ecosystem Eco-System-An ecosystem is defined as a structural and functional unit of Biosphere consisting of community of living beings and the physical Environment, both interacting and exchanging materials between them. It includes Plants, trees, animals, fish, birds, micro-organisms, water, Soil, and people. When an ecosystem is healthy (i.e. sustainable) it means that all the Elements … Read more