Notes and Study material for Exams
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LAW INCLUDING CYBER LAWS (CONCEPTS, PURPOSE, PROSPECTS) In India, cyber laws are contained in the Information Technology Act, 2000 (“IT Act”) which came into force on October 17, 2000. The main purpose of the Act is to provide legal recognition to electronic commerce and to facilitate filing of electronic records with the Government. … Read more
An internal control is a procedure or policy put in place by management to safeguard assets, promote accountability, increase efficiency, and stop fraudulent behaviour. In other words, an internal control is a process put in place to prevent employees from stealing assets or committing fraud. An internal control is a business practice, policy or … Read more
Law And Rule related Administration Administrative Law Administrative law is the body of law created by the agencies and departments of the government, which carry out the laws passed by Center or a State Legislature. When Center passes a law on a complicated issue, Center often needs help determining all of the details of … Read more
Corporate governance Need of corporate governance Over the last two decades, corporate governance has attracted a great deal of public interest because of its apparent importance for the economic Health of corporations and Society in general. The headlines of the previous two years in particular portrayed a sad story of corporate ethics (or … Read more
PERFORMANCE AUDIT Meaning An independent examination of the efficiency and effectiveness of government undertakings, programs or organisations, with due regard to economy, and the aim of leading to improvements”. Performance audit is simply an audit of Sound financial management, namely of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness with which audited … Read more
Audit and accounting: Auditing is defined as the systematic and independent assessment and examination of data, statement, records, operations and performance, financial or otherwise of an enterprise. Objectives of Auditing: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Examining the system of Internal check Checking arithmetical accuracy of books of accounts Verifying the authenticity and validity of transactions. Checking the … Read more
The Controller General of Accounts: Guardian of India’s Public Finances The Controller General of Accounts (CGA) stands as a cornerstone of India’s financial system, playing a pivotal role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the management of public funds. This article delves into the multifaceted role of the CGA, exploring its historical evolution, key … Read more
Auditing the Guardians of Rural India: A Deep Dive into Gram Panchayat Accounts The Gram Panchayat, the cornerstone of India’s decentralized governance system, plays a vital role in the lives of millions of rural citizens. From managing local infrastructure to delivering essential services, these elected bodies are entrusted with the responsibility of utilizing public funds … Read more
The Public Accounts Committee: Scrutinizing Public Finances and Holding Power to Account The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) stands as a cornerstone of parliamentary accountability in many democratic nations. This powerful committee, often referred to as the “watchdog” of public finances, plays a crucial role in scrutinizing government spending and ensuring that taxpayers’ money is used … Read more
RAS MAINS REVISION: Part III Auditing and Accounting Social Audit: It is a tool through which government department can plan, manage and measure non-financial activities and monitor both internal and external consequences of the department social and commercial operation. OR Social Audit is an independent evaluation of the performance of an organisation as it relates … Read more