Notes and Study material for Exams
Constitutional provisions related to Environment and its Protection The protection and improvement of environment is a constitutional mandate. It is a commitment for a country wedded to the ideas of a welfare State. The Indian Constitution contains specific provisions for environment protection under the chapters of Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties. The … Read more
FRACTIONS Any unit can be divided into any numbers of equal parts, one or more of this parts is called fraction of that unit. e.g. one-forth (1/4), one-third (1/3), three-seventh (3/7) etc. The lower part indicates the number of equal parts into which the unit is divided, is called denominator. The upper part, which indicates the number … Read more
Articles Indefinite and Definite Articles The words a, an, and the are special adjectives called articles. Indefinite Articles—a, an an—used before singular count nouns beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or vowel Sound: an apple, an elephant, an issue, an orange a—used before singular count nouns beginning with … Read more
List Of Important Articles For Relation Between Centre And State LEGISLATIVE RELATION S.No. ARTICLE Content 1. 248 Residuary power vests with centre 2. 249 Rajya sabha has special power to pass resolution to empower parliament to legislate on state list. Resolution remain in force for one year 3. 250 During proclamation of emergency, Parliament … Read more
Amendments to the Constitution are made by the Parliament, the procedure for which is laid out in ARTICLE 368. An amendment bill must be passed by both the Houses of the Parliament by a two-thirds majority and voting. In addition to this, certain amendments which pertain to the federal nature of the Constitution must … Read more
Article 35A: A Controversial Clause in the Indian Constitution Article 35A of the Indian Constitution is a controversial provision that grants special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). It was added to the Constitution through a Presidential Order in 1954, without any parliamentary debate or discussion. This article has been a subject … Read more
Article 75: The Foundation of India’s Financial Stability Article 75 of the Constitution of India deals with the appointment of the Council of Ministers, a crucial body responsible for the executive functions of the government. This article, along with its associated provisions, plays a pivotal role in shaping the financial stability and economic well-being of … Read more
The Complexities of Levy and Collection of Goods and Services Tax in Inter-State Trade or Commerce (Article 269-A) The Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime in India, introduced in 2017, aimed to create a unified national market by eliminating cascading taxes and streamlining the tax structure. However, the intricate nature of inter-state trade and commerce, … Read more
The Surcharge on Certain Taxes and Duties: A Deep Dive into Article 271 of the Income Tax Act The Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, is a complex and multifaceted piece of legislation designed to ensure a fair and equitable distribution of the tax burden. One of the key provisions within this Act is Article 271, … Read more
The Right to Education: A Cornerstone of a Just Society (Article 21A) Introduction Education is the bedrock of a thriving society. It empowers individuals, fosters economic growth, and promotes social justice. Recognizing its paramount importance, the Indian Constitution, through the 86th Amendment Act of 2002, enshrined the Right to Education (RTE) as a fundamental right … Read more