Notes and Study material for Exams
Electoral reforms Electoral reforms are changes to the way elections are conducted. They can be made for a variety of reasons, such as to improve the fairness of elections, to make them more efficient, or to increase voter participation. There are many different types of electoral reforms that can be implemented. Some common reforms include: … Read more
Regional Imbalances And Income Inequalitiies In India: Steps taken by the Government to reduce it. Regional imbalance is the disparity in economic and social development of two regions. One region/city/area is stronger than another region/city/area. Regions develop when investments are made to set up industries, service sectors, educational institutions, Health care facilities etc. Income inequality is the unequal distribution of … Read more
RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING Responsibility accounting is a management control system based on the principles of delegating and locating responsibility. The authority is delegated on responsibility centre and accounting for the responsibility centre. Responsibility accounting is a system under which managers are given decisions making authority and responsibility for each activity occurring within a … Read more
Accountability and ethical governance Accountability means being answerable for the performance of tasks assigned to a person; if task assigned is selection of beneficiaries for a scheme, then accountability will imply whether the selection has been carried out by applying the criteria, and following the procedures laid down, in the timely manner within … Read more
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958: A Legacy of Controversy and Human Rights Violations The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA), is a controversial law that grants sweeping powers to the Indian armed forces in designated “disturbed areas.” Enacted in the wake of the Naga insurgency, the AFSPA has been extended to several … Read more
Niti Ayog – National Institution for Transforming India The National Institution for Transforming India, also called NITI Aayog, was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on January 1, 2015. NITI Aayog is the premier policy ‘Think Tank’ of the Government of India, providing both directional and policy inputs. While designing strategic and … Read more
Public Private PARTNERSHIP for INFRASTRUCTURE and urban development projects. PPP is in particular need due to inefficiency, overstaffing and low productivity in govt. services and govt. owned enterprises. The projects under PPP go through competitive pricing process which clearly shows that the cost of public services is ‘bench marked’ against market standards. The payments which … Read more
Utilization of public fund Intergovernmental transfers from the centre to the states takes place through three channels: statutory and other transfers mandated by the Finance Commission, formula-based transfers for State Plan Schemes through the Planning Commission, and other discretionary transfers by the Planning Commission/ various central Ministries. The entire tax sharing is a … Read more
Public Interest Litigation: A Catalyst for Social Justice and Accountability Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has emerged as a powerful tool for promoting social justice and holding the state accountable in India and beyond. This article delves into the evolution, significance, and impact of PIL, exploring its strengths and limitations, and examining its role in shaping … Read more