Struggles for Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry- For RAS RTS Mains Exam and Ras Rts Prelims Examination

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  • The Akali movement
  • The movement arose with the objective of freeing the Gurudwaras from the control of ignorant and corrupt priests (mahants).
  • Apart from the mahants, after the British annexation of Punjab in 1849, some control over the Gurudwaras was exercised by Government-nominated managers and custodians, who often collaborated with mahants.
  • The government gave full support to the mahants. It used them to preach loyalism to the Sikhs and to keep them away from the rising nationalist movement.
  • The agitation for the reform of Gurudwaras developed during 1920 when the reformers organized groups of volunteers known as jathas to compel the mahants and the government appointed managers to hand over control of the Gurudwaras to the local devotees.
  • Tens of Gurudwaras were liberated within an year.
  • To manage the control of Golden Temple and othe rGurudwaras the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee was formed in November 1920.
  • Feeling the need to give the reform movement a structure, the Shiromani Akali Dal was established in December 1920.
  • The SGPC and Akali Dal accepted complete non-violence as their creed.
  • There was a clash between the mahant and the Akalis over surrendering the gurudwara at Nanakana. This led to killing of about 100 akalis.
  •  The Nankana tragedy led to the involvement of Sikhs on a large scale in the national movement.
  • Keys Affair: In October 1921, the government refused to surrender the possession fo the keys of the Toshakhana of the golden temple of the Akalis. This led to protests. Leaders like Baba Kharak Singh and Master Tara Singh were arrested. Later, the government surrendered the keys to keep the Sikhs from revolting.
  • Guru ka Bagh gurudwara in Ghokewala was under dispute as the mahant there claimed that the land attached to it was his personal possession. When few akalis cut down a tree on that land they were arrested on the complain of the mahant. Seeing this thousands of akalis came and started cutting down the trees. About 4000 akalis were arrested. Later, the government didn’t arrest but started beating them up severly. But the alakis kept turning up. Ultimately the government had to surrender.
  • The akali movement made a huge contribution to the national awakening of Punjab.
  • However, the movement encouraged a certain religiosity which would be later utilized by Communalism.
  • In 1923, the Congress decided to take active steps towards the eradication of untouchability.
  • The basic strategy it adopted was to educate and mobilize opinion among caste hindus.
  • Immediately after the Kakinada session, the Kerala Provincial Congress Committee (KPCC) took up the eradication of untouchability as an urgent issue.
  • KPCC adeiced to organize an procession on the temple roads in Vaikom, a village in Travancore, on 30 March 1924.
  • During the processions, the satyagrahis were arrested and sentenced to imprisonment.
  • On the death of Maharaja in August 1924, the Maharani released the Satyagrahis.
  • Gandhiji visited Kerala to discuss the opening of temple with Maharani. A compromise was reached whereby all roads except for the ones in the Sankethan of the temple were opened to the harijans.
  • In his Kerala tour, Gandhi didn’t visit a single temple because avarnas were kept out of them.
  • The weakness of the anti-caste movement was that through it aroused people against untouchability it lacked a strategy of ending the caste system itself.

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    The Sikh Gurus and the Gurudwaras

    The Sikh Gurus were the spiritual leaders of the Sikh faith. They were also the founders of the Gurudwaras, which are Sikh temples. The Gurudwaras are important places of worship for Sikhs. They are also important centers of community life.

    The Akali Movement

    The Akali Movement was a political and religious movement that began in the early 20th century. The goal of the Akali Movement was to reform the management of the Gurudwaras. The Akali Movement was successful in achieving its goal.

    The Temple Entry Movement

    The Temple Entry Movement was a social reform movement that began in the early 20th century. The goal of the Temple Entry Movement was to allow all Hindus, regardless of caste, to enter temples. The Temple Entry Movement was successful in achieving its goal.

    The Role of Gandhiji in the Temple Entry Movement

    Mahatma Gandhi was a key figure in the Temple Entry Movement. He supported the movement and helped to organize protests and demonstrations. Gandhiji’s support was important for the success of the Temple Entry Movement.

    The Impact of the Struggles for Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry

    The struggles for Gurudwara reform and temple entry had a significant impact on Society/”>Indian Society. They helped to promote religious freedom and Equality. They also helped to raise awareness of the problems faced by minority groups in India.

    The Sikh Gurus were the spiritual leaders of the Sikh faith. They were also the founders of the Gurudwaras, which are Sikh temples. The Gurudwaras are important places of worship for Sikhs. They are also important centers of community life.

    The first Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji, founded the Sikh faith in the 15th century. He taught that there is only one God and that all people are equal in His sight. He also taught that people should live a simple life and serve others.

    The second Guru, Guru Angad Dev Ji, continued the work of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. He standardized the Gurmukhi script, which is used to write the Sikh holy scriptures. He also compiled the Adi Granth, which is the sacred text of Sikhism.

    The third Guru, Guru Amar Das Ji, established the system of Guruship. He also built the first Gurudwara, the Harmandir Sahib, in Amritsar.

    The fourth Guru, Guru Ram Das Ji, expanded the Harmandir Sahib and built the city of Amritsar around it. He also established the system of Langar, which is a free community kitchen that is open to all people.

    The fifth Guru, Guru Arjan Dev Ji, compiled the Adi Granth. He also faced persecution from the Mughal emperor, Akbar.

    The sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind Ji, built the Akal Takht, which is the highest seat of authority in Sikhism. He also fought against the Mughal emperor, Jahangir.

    The seventh Guru, Guru Har Rai Ji, was a peace-loving Guru. He focused on spreading the message of Sikhism and building the community.

    The eighth Guru, Guru Har Krishan Ji, was a young Guru who died at the age of eight. He is remembered for his miracles and his love for children.

    The ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, was a martyr who was executed by the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb. He is remembered for his courage and his sacrifice for the Sikh faith.

    The tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, founded the Khalsa Panth, the community of initiated Sikhs. He also gave the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that all Sikhs wear.

    The Gurudwaras are important places of worship for Sikhs. They are also important centers of community life. The Gurudwaras are open to all people, regardless of caste, religion, or gender. They are places where people can come to pray, learn about Sikhism, and socialize with other Sikhs.

    The Akali Movement was a political and religious movement that began in the early 20th century. The goal of the Akali Movement was to reform the management of the Gurudwaras. The Akali Movement was successful in achieving its goal.

    The Akali Movement was started by the Shiromani Akali Dal, a political party that was formed in 1920. The Akali Dal was led by Sant Baba Jagtar Singh Ji, who was a prominent Sikh leader.

    The Akali Movement faced opposition from the British government, which controlled India at the time. The British government tried to suppress the Akali Movement, but the Akalis continued to fight for their rights.

    The Akali Movement was successful in achieving its goal of reforming the management of the Gurudwaras. In 1925, the British government passed the Sikh Gurdwara Act,

    Question 1: What is the main difference between Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry?

    Answer: Gurudwara Reform was a movement to reform the management of Sikh gurdwaras, while Temple Entry was a movement to allow people of all castes to enter Hindu temples.

    Question 2: Who were the main leaders of the Gurudwara Reform movement?

    Answer: The main leaders of the Gurudwara Reform movement were Bhai Gurmukh Singh, Bhai Teja Singh, and Sardar Sundar Singh Majithia.

    Question 3: What were the main demands of the Gurudwara Reform movement?

    Answer: The main demands of the Gurudwara Reform movement were that the management of gurdwaras should be taken away from the mahants (priests) and vested in a democratically elected body, and that the gurdwaras should be opened to all Sikhs, regardless of caste.

    Question 4: What were the main achievements of the Gurudwara Reform movement?

    Answer: The main achievements of the Gurudwara Reform movement were the passage of the Sikh Gurdwara Act of 1925, which established a democratically elected body to manage gurdwaras, and the opening of gurdwaras to all Sikhs, regardless of caste.

    Question 5: Who were the main leaders of the Temple Entry movement?

    Answer: The main leaders of the Temple Entry movement were E.V. Ramasamy Naicker (Periyar), M.C. Rajah, and C.N. Annadurai.

    Question 6: What were the main demands of the Temple Entry movement?

    Answer: The main demands of the Temple Entry movement were that people of all castes should be allowed to enter Hindu temples, and that the caste system should be abolished.

    Question 7: What were the main achievements of the Temple Entry movement?

    Answer: The main achievements of the Temple Entry movement were the passage of the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936, which allowed people of all castes to enter Hindu temples in the princely state of Travancore, and the passage of the Hindu Religious Endowments Act of 1948, which allowed people of all castes to hold positions of authority in Hindu temples in the Madras Presidency.

    Question 8: What were the main challenges faced by the Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry movements?

    Answer: The main challenges faced by the Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry movements were opposition from the mahants and priests, who were reluctant to give up their power and privileges, and opposition from the upper castes, who were opposed to the idea of social equality.

    Question 9: What were the long-term impacts of the Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry movements?

    Answer: The long-term impacts of the Gurudwara Reform and Temple Entry movements were the strengthening of Sikh identity and the weakening of the Caste System in India.

    1. The first Gurudwara Reform Movement was started by:
      (A) Guru Nanak Dev Ji
      (B) Guru Angad Dev Ji
      (C) Guru Amar Das Ji
      (D) Guru Ram Das Ji

    2. The main objective of the Gurudwara Reform Movement was to:
      (A) Remove Corruption from the management of Gurudwaras
      (B) Make Gurudwaras more accessible to the common people
      (C) Bring about social reforms in the Sikh community
      (D) All of the above

    3. The most important achievement of the Gurudwara Reform Movement was:
      (A) The establishment of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
      (B) The removal of corrupt mahants from Gurudwaras
      (C) The opening of Gurudwaras to all castes and creeds
      (D) The introduction of Punjabi as the language of worship in Gurudwaras

    4. The Temple Entry Movement was started by:
      (A) E.V. Ramasamy Naicker
      (B) B.R. Ambedkar
      (C) K. Kamaraj
      (D) C. Rajagopalachari

    5. The main objective of the Temple Entry Movement was to:
      (A) Allow Dalits to enter temples
      (B) Remove caste discrimination in temples
      (C) Bring about social reforms in Hindu society
      (D) All of the above

    6. The most important achievement of the Temple Entry Movement was:
      (A) The passing of the Temple Entry Proclamation in 1936
      (B) The opening of temples to all castes and creeds
      (C) The introduction of social reforms in Hindu society
      (D) The spread of Education among Dalits

    7. The Gurudwara Reform Movement and the Temple Entry Movement were both important movements for social reform in India. They both sought to remove discrimination and injustice from society. However, they had different objectives and different methods. The Gurudwara Reform Movement was primarily concerned with the reform of the Sikh religion and the management of Gurudwaras. The Temple Entry Movement was primarily concerned with the removal of caste discrimination in Hindu temples.

    8. The Gurudwara Reform Movement was successful in achieving its objectives. The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee was established, which took over the management of Gurudwaras. Corrupt mahants were removed from Gurudwaras, and Gurudwaras were opened to all castes and creeds.

    9. The Temple Entry Movement was also successful in achieving its objectives. The Temple Entry Proclamation was passed in 1936, which allowed Dalits to enter temples. Temples were opened to all castes and creeds, and social reforms were introduced in Hindu society.

    10. The Gurudwara Reform Movement and the Temple Entry Movement were both important movements for social reform in India. They both sought to remove discrimination and injustice from society. However, they had different objectives and different methods. The Gurudwara Reform Movement was primarily concerned with the reform of the Sikh religion and the management of Gurudwaras. The Temple Entry Movement was primarily concerned with the removal of caste discrimination in Hindu temples. Both movements were successful in achieving their objectives.