<<–2/”>a >h2>
1781: Hastings set up the Calcutta Madrasah for the study and teaching of Muslim law and related subjects
1791: Jonathan Duncan started a Sanskrit College at Varanasi for the study of Hindu law and philosophy.
1813: Charter of 1813 directed the Company to spend Rs. 1 lakh for promoting modern sciences in the country. This sum was however made available only in 1823.
1835: Macaulay’s minute.
English was made the medium of instruction in schools. Education of masses was however neglected. British advocated the ‘downward filtration theory’ for education. As per this theory, since the allocated funds could educate only a handful of Indians, it was decided to spend them in educating a few persons from the upper and middle classes who were expected to assume the task of educating the masses and spreading modern ideas among them.
1844: Compulsion for applicants for government EMPLOYMENT to possess knowledge of English. This made the English medium schools more popular.
1854: Wood’s Dispatch asked the government of India to assume responsibility for the education of the masses. It thus repudiated the ‘downward filtration theory’. As a result, Departments of Education were instituted in all provinces and universities were setup in 1857 at Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.
The main reason why British adopted some measures towards education in India was because:
- They needed educated people to man their system of administration. It was not possible to get enough Englishmen to man all the posts.
- Another important motive was the belief that educated Indians would help expand the market for British manufactures in India.
- Lastly, it was expected to reconcile the people of India to British rule.
Major drawbacks of the English education system:
- Neglect of mass education. Mass Literacy in India was hardly better in 1921 than in 1821. High fees in schools and colleges led to the education becoming a monopoly of the rich.
- Almost total neglect of the education of girls. As late as 1921 only 2 percent Indian Women could read and write.
- Neglect of scientific and technical education.
- The government was never willing to spend more than a scanty sum on education.
Development of Education
- Charter Act of 1813
- Sanctioned 1 lakh rupees annually for promoting education and modern sciences
- Not made available till 1823
- Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy
- Lord Macaulay’s minute (1835)
- Wood’s Despatch (1854)
- Rejected the downward filtration theory
- Asked the government of India to assume the responsibility of education of the masses
- English as medium for higher studies and vernaculars at school level
- 1857: University of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras
- Hunter Commission (1882-83)
- State care required for promotion and spread of primary and secondary education
- Transfer control of primary education to district and municipal boards
- Raleigh Commission, 1902
- Universities Act 1904
- Saddler Education Commission (1917-19)
- School course should cover 12 years
- Less rigidity in framing university regulations
- Hartog Committee (1929)
- No hasty expansion or compulsion of education
- Wardha Scheme of basic education (1937)
- Vocation based education
,
The spread of modern education is a complex and multifaceted topic. There are many different factors that have contributed to its spread, and it has had a profound impact on societies around the world.
Some of the key subtopics that are relevant to the spread of modern education include:
- The history of education: This includes the development of formal education systems, as well as the different philosophies and approaches to education that have been adopted over time.
- The role of education in Society: Education plays a vital role in shaping individuals and societies. It can help to promote Economic Development, social mobility, and Democracy.
- The challenges of education: There are many challenges that face education systems around the world, such as POVERTY, inequality, and lack of access to quality education.
- The future of education: The future of education is uncertain, but it is clear that it will continue to play a vital role in society. New technologies and approaches to education are emerging, and it is important to be prepared for the changes that are to come.
These are just some of the key subtopics that are relevant to the spread of modern education. It is a complex and fascinating topic, and there is much more to learn about it.
The history of education
The history of education is long and complex. Formal education systems have existed for centuries, and there have been many different philosophies and approaches to education over time.
One of the earliest forms of formal education was the apprenticeship system. In this system, young people would learn a trade or skill by working with an experienced master. This system was common in Europe and Asia for centuries, and it continues to be used in some parts of the world today.
Another early form of formal education was the madrasah. Madrasas were Islamic schools that were established in the 8th century. They focused on the study of the Quran and Islamic law, and they played an important role in the development of Islamic culture.
In the 16th century, the Jesuits established a Network of schools throughout Europe. These schools were based on the principles of the Renaissance, and they emphasized the study of classical literature, history, and philosophy.
The 18th century saw the rise of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical change that emphasized reason and science. This led to the development of new educational philosophies, such as John Locke’s theory of tabula rasa, which held that the mind is a blank slate at birth and that all knowledge is acquired through experience.
The 19th century saw the rise of the Industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution led to a demand for a more educated workforce, and this led to the expansion of public education systems. In the United States, the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862 established a system of public universities that were designed to provide education in agriculture, engineering, and the sciences.
The 20th century saw the rise of mass education. In the early 20th century, only a small Percentage of the Population had access to formal education. However, in the second half of the 20th century, there was a global trend towards universal education. This was due to a number of factors, including the Rise of Nationalism, the Cold War, and the development of new technologies, such as radio and television.
The role of education in society
Education plays a vital role in shaping individuals and societies. It can help to promote economic development, social mobility, and democracy.
Education can help to promote economic development by providing workers with the skills and knowledge they need to be productive. It can also help to promote social mobility by giving people the opportunity to improve their social status through education. And it can help to promote democracy by providing citizens with the knowledge and skills they need to participate in civic life.
The challenges of education
There are many challenges that face education systems around the world, such as poverty, inequality, and lack of access to quality education.
Poverty is a major obstacle to education. Children who live in poverty often have to work to support their families, and they may not have access to quality education. Inequality is another major obstacle to education. In many countries, there is a gap between the quality of education that is available to rich and poor children. And lack of access to quality education is a major obstacle to education in many parts of the world.
The future of education
The future of education is uncertain, but it is clear that it will continue to play a vital role in society. New technologies and approaches to education are emerging, and it is important to be prepared for the changes that are to come.
One of the most important trends in education is the rise of technology. New technologies, such as the Internet and mobile devices, are changing the way that people learn. These technologies can provide access to education to people who would not otherwise have it,
What is education?
Education is the process of facilitating Learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.
What are the different types of education?
There are many different types of education, including formal education, informal education, and non-formal education. Formal education is the most common type of education and takes place in schools, colleges, and universities. Informal education takes place outside of formal institutions and can include things like learning from parents, friends, or the media. Non-formal education is a type of education that is not as structured as formal education, but is still more structured than informal education. It can take place in a variety of settings, such as community centers, workplaces, or religious institutions.
What are the benefits of education?
There are many benefits to education, including increased knowledge, skills, and abilities; improved employment prospects; and a higher Quality Of Life. Education can also help people develop their critical thinking skills, become more tolerant of others, and become more engaged citizens.
What are the challenges of education?
There are many challenges to education, including access to education, quality of education, and affordability of education. Access to education is a challenge in many parts of the world, where children do not have the opportunity to attend school. Quality of education is a challenge in many parts of the world, where schools do not have the Resources to provide a high-quality education. Affordability of education is a challenge in many parts of the world, where families cannot afford to send their children to school.
What is the future of education?
The future of education is uncertain, but there are some trends that are likely to continue. These trends include the increasing importance of technology in education, the need for lifelong learning, and the growing diversity of learners.
What is the role of technology in education?
Technology is playing an increasingly important role in education. Technology can be used to deliver instruction, provide feedback, and connect learners with each other. Technology can also be used to personalize learning and make it more engaging.
What is lifelong learning?
Lifelong learning is the process of continuing to learn throughout one’s life. Lifelong learning can take place in formal or informal settings and can include things like taking classes, reading books, or participating in online courses. Lifelong learning is important because it helps people stay up-to-date on new knowledge and skills and it can help people develop their careers.
What is the growing diversity of learners?
The world is becoming increasingly diverse and this is having an impact on education. Learners come from different backgrounds and have different needs. Educators need to be aware of this diversity and they need to be able to adapt their teaching to meet the needs of all learners.
- The spread of modern education in India can be attributed to the following factors:
(a) The British government’s policy of promoting education
(b) The efforts of Indian reformers and social reformers
(c) The Growth of the Indian economy
(d) All of the above
- The spread of modern education in India led to the following changes:
(a) The rise of a new middle class
(b) The growth of nationalism
(c) The development of a new social order
(d) All of the above
- The spread of modern education in India had a positive impact on the following:
(a) The economy
(b) Society
(c) Politics
(d) All of the above
- The spread of modern education in India had a negative impact on the following:
(a) The traditional way of life
(b) The caste system
(c) The role of women
(d) All of the above
The spread of modern education in India has been a mixed blessing. It has had both positive and negative impacts. The most important impact has been the rise of a new middle class that has played a major role in the development of India.
The spread of modern education in India has also led to the growth of nationalism and the development of a new social order. However, it has also had some negative impacts, such as the erosion of the traditional way of life and the caste system.
Overall, the spread of modern education in India has been a positive development. It has helped to modernize the country and create a more educated population. However, it is important to be aware of the negative impacts as well.
The spread of modern education in India has had a significant impact on the country’s economy. The education system has produced a large number of skilled workers, which has helped to attract foreign Investment and boost economic growth.
The spread of modern education has also had a positive impact on society. It has helped to raise the literacy rate and improve the quality of life for many people. In addition, it has helped to promote Equality/”>Gender Equality and empower women.
The spread of modern education has also had a positive impact on politics. It has helped to create a more informed and engaged citizenry. In addition, it has helped to promote democracy and Good Governance.
Overall, the spread of modern education has been a positive development for India. It has helped to modernize the country, improve the economy, and promote social and political progress.
However, there are also some challenges associated with the spread of modern education. One challenge is that the education system is not yet able to meet the needs of all students. In addition, there is a growing gap between the rich and the poor, which is reflected in the quality of education that they receive.
Another challenge is that the education system is not yet able to produce enough skilled workers to meet the needs of the economy. In addition, there is a shortage of teachers, which is leading to overcrowding in classrooms.
Despite these challenges, the spread of modern education is a positive development for India. It is helping to modernize the country, improve the economy, and promote social and political progress.